the basics cryptography deals with techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties (adversaries). modern cryptography uses mathematics,

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Presentation transcript:

the basics cryptography deals with techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties (adversaries). modern cryptography uses mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering the word “cryptography” originates from two Greek words: “hidden/secret” and “writing”

serpent cipher systems a cipher is the algorithm that transforms information symmetric vs. asymmetric

the olden days cryptography was basically encryption information -> nonsense -> information whoever wrote the message provided the recipient with the decoding key

exhaustive key search on a Caesar Cipher code = XMZVH

modular arithmetic in a Caesar Cipher, a shift of 26 is the same as a shift of 0. for example: 37 = 11(mod 26)

we want a large number of keys (but having lots of keys is no guarantee of a strong system) number of potential keys = number of ways 26 letters can be arranged 26! = 403,291,461,126,605,635,584,00 0,000

Mary, Queen of Scots German Armed Forces, WWII Enigma Machine a large number of keys does not guarantee that a cipher is unbreakable

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange

asymmetric cipher systems and more modular arithmetic

the primitive root of 17 is a number that has no factors in common (3)