Mitosis and Cytokinesis Cell Cycle: M Phase Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Cell Division (M phase) Occurs in two stages Mitosis (nuclear division) Cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division)

Prophase (Pieces) Genetic material condenses/coils and duplicated chromosomes (sister chromatids) becomes visible Spindle (from centrioles) begins to form Nucleolus disappears Nuclear envelope breaks down Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell *Plant cells do not have centrioles

Metaphase (Middle) Centromeres of duplicated CHX line up across the center of the cell Spindle fibers connect to each centromere

Anaphase (Apart) Sisters chromatids separate and begin to move apart – now individual CHX Individual CHX move along spindle fibers to the opposite ends of the cell Anaphase is over when CHX are completely separated into two groups

Telophase (Two) Condensed CHX begin to spread out and de-condense back into chromatin Nuclear envelopes re-form around each cluster of CHX Spindle begins to break apart Nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter cell

Mitosis is Complete But the M phase is not…

Cytokinesis After mitosis is complete, all that remains of the M phase of the cell cycle is the process of cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm itself/splits one cell into two Occurs concurrently with telophase Cell division is complete

How are plant cells different from animal cells? And how will this difference affect cytokineses? PINCHING The rigid cell wall will not allow the cell to pinch like an animal cell.

A cell wall forms in between the two new membranes How are plant cells different from animal cells? Plant cells form cell plates to divide the cell. The cell plates develop into cell membranes, separating the two daughter cells A cell wall forms in between the two new membranes

CELL PLATE Difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis: Animal cells pinch, forming cleavage furrow while… Plant cells form cell plates to divide the cell

Additional Notecards Cytokinesis Interphase G1 S G2