Emergency Management An Overview of Federal, State and Local Planning Efforts

A Changing Perspective  Evolution of emergency management –WWII: Protect civilian population and businesses strategic to war effort from land, sea and air attacks –“Cold War Era”: Protect civilian population from nuclear attack –1980’s: Shift from civil defense to all-hazards planning due to increased natural disasters –2001 – Post 9/11: Moves from all-hazards to terrorism –2005 – Post Katrina/Rita: Changes from terrorism to all- hazards with emphasis on evac plans –20?? – Post “next-big-disaster”: Another change?

Federal  Robert T. Stafford Act –Establishes types of assistance provided to states, local governments, citizens and businesses –Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K) due to repetitive damages  No mitigation plan, no mitigation funding –Congressional appropriations for each Presidential disaster declaration –Subject to change according to political climate

Federal  National Incident Management System (NIMS) –No NIMS, no Homeland Security grant money –Structure (ICS) –Multi-agency coordination –Mutual Aid –Resource typing –Communications –Standards

Federal  National Response Plan –Functional responsibilities of key departments and agencies  Presidential Directives –HSPDs established after 9/11 attacks and established the Department of Homeland Security  Head of DHS is a political appointee  Waivers –Can waive any federal requirements, including EPA, FAA and ICE, as necessary to facilitate response and recovery efforts

Federal  FEMA –Now reports to Department of Homeland Security –Is a political appointee –Not a “first responder” agency –Coordinates “first responder” assets upon a Presidential declaration of disaster –Oversees federal programs which assist in recovery efforts

State  California Emergency Services Act –Establishes types of assistance to local governments, citizens and businesses when a Gubernatorial proclamation of disaster is signed and/or a Presidential disaster declaration is enacted –Provides for Continuity of Government –Confers emergency powers to the Governor and local governments –Legislative body determines appropriations for the disaster

State  Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) –Structure (ICS) –Multi/Interagency Coordination –Mutual Aid –Operational Areas  SEMS was the model for NIMS  In compliance with NIMS until Sept 30, 2005; training and planning with NIMS must start Oct 1, 2005

State  California requires local governments to: –Have an adopted Emergency Operations Plan –Have an accredited disaster council –Address emergency management organization as part of their municipal code –Have an emergency program manager –Train and exercise their plans –Use SEMS and NIMS in planning, training and exercising

State  Office of Homeland Security –Office of Emergency Services now reports to OHS –OHS and OES are political appointees –OES has 3 administrative regions: Inland, Coastal and Southern and coordinates all local governments within those regions

LA County  Los Angeles County Operational Area –LA County is the Operational Area by resolution of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors and coordinates all information and resources for county departments and agencies and all 88 cities during disasters –LA County Sheriff is the head of Emergency Services during a proclaimed emergency –LA County OEM reports directly to the county CAO day to day; to the Sheriff in times of proclaimed emergencies –County divided into 8 Disaster Management Areas; JPA between LA County Board of Supervisors and the cities of Area D –Area D serves the Pomona and San Gabriel valleys (25 cities, 1.3 million citizens)

The City  Municipal code  Adopted emergency plan  Accredited disaster council  Uses SEMS; will adopt NIMS  Has an emergency program manager  Works with all community partners before, during and after a disaster  Works with other cities, county, state and federal departments and agencies

When Disasters Happen

The City OtherCitiesSchoolDistricts Colleges LocalBusinesses Hospitals VolunteerAgencies CountyAgenciesStateO.E.S.

Every Disaster Is Local –Who’s first on-scene?  Local law enforcement, fire, medical services, public works The City

Can We Handle This Alone? –Will local resources be enough? The City Neighboring Cities

Cities and County –County will starting moving resources to your city Neighboring Cities The City County resources and 87 other cities

OES Southern Region –Southern Region OES moves resources from other counties Neighboring Cities The City County resources and all other cities Resources from 12 counties

State –OES HQ mobilizes resources from entire state including California National Guard The City Neighboring Cities County resources and all other cities Resources from 12 counties Resources from 58 counties

Federal –Federal Government including military support to civilian authorities Neighboring Cities The City County resources and all other cities Resources from 12 counties Resources from 58 counties Federal (Depts., Military, States)