Mike Thornton National Sales Manager Power Quality According to the US National Academy of Engineering, the “vast networks of electrification” that now cover the surface of our Planet are the greatest engineering achievement of the 20th century. As the world’s largest supplier to the power transmission industry, ABB Power Technology Products have played a fundamental role in this achievement. In the 21st century, Power Technology Products are ready to play just as important a role. We live in a networked world, linked together by information networks. Electrical energy is still the most important pillar of modern society, because the information networks cannot function without electricity. The networking of our world has brought with it three main consequences for the power market: Deregulation, provoking competition so that prices drop new technologies are implemented for environmentally friendly solutions the power grid becomes more reliable, cost-efficient and in many cases invisible Electricity demand increases Speed of information transfer also increases Rising up to our 21st century role of empowering a networked world, we at ABB Power Technology Products are meeting the challenges that these changes are bringing with them with a steady commitment to you, our customer. Mike Thornton National Sales Manager

Poor Power Quality: What is it TO YOU? Any event related to the electrical network that makes you lose money… - Power supply failures E.g. Breakers tripping, fuses blowing - Equipment failure, malfunctioning and lifetime reduction E.g. - Equipment overheating (transformers, motors, …) - Damage to sensitive equipment (PCs, UPS-systems, Drives) - Capacitor problems - Electronic communication interference - System losses - Utility regulations G5/4 and penalties - Personnel issues (illness, work efficiency, …)

Where do harmonics come from? All non-linear loads create harmonics A load which draws a non-sinusoidal (distorted) current, when a pure sinusoidal voltage is applied, is a non-linear load ‘Sinusoidal’ supply voltage Non-linear load Harmonics = the distorted waveform – the 50Hz/60Hz part in the waveform

Non-linear loads are everywhere Where to find non-linear loads? Non-linear loads are everywhere and in ever increasing number! Industrial loads (mainly 3-wire systems) AC and DC drives, UPS-systems, … => Harmonics between phases, imbalance, sometimes reactive power Commercial loads (mainly 4-wire systems) All office equipment such as computers, fluorescent lighting, photo copiers, fax-machines, … => Harmonics in neutral and between phases, imbalance, sometimes reactive power are connected between line & neutral generating 3rd harmonic in the neutral conductor Some loads are unbalanced

The best solution to harmonic problems Active harmonic filters Filtering principle: cancellation of harmonics by equal and opposite harmonic generation by an active filter device Waveforms CLEAN FEEDER CURRENT LOAD CURRENT ACTIVE FILTER CURRENT = + Harmonics

Cable car application Problem: Utility uses ripple control signals at 1050 Hz and 1600 Hz - High frequency components present on the public network

Initial line current without ABB active filter Cable car application Solution: ABB active filter Initial line current without ABB active filter -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Current [A] Time [ms] FILTER OFF - [09/12/97] 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Current [Arms] Harmonics FILTER OFF - [09/12/97]

Filtered line current with ABB active filter Cable car application Solution: ABB active filter Filtered line current with ABB active filter -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Current [A] Time [ms] FILTER RUNNING - [09/12/97] 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Harmonics FILTER RUNNING - [09/12/97] Current [Arms]

Neutral protection overload Ith (L): 100ARMS N: 65-80% * Ith MV LV PQFT L1 (R) L2 (Y) L3 (B) N NL Loads: - Fluor. light - PCs - ...

Neutral protection overload H3 in neutral with and without filter Without filter: - IH3  150 ARMS With filter: - IH3  0 ARMS I [100 A/div] Without filter I [100 A/div] With filter Time [10 ms/div]

THE solution to poor power quality ABB premium class Active Filters: PQFI PQFK PQFM

Power Quality Solutions Power Factor Correction Passive Harmonic Filters Active Harmonic Filters Flicker – Dynamic Compensation

A global leader in power and automation technologies that enable utility and industry customers to improve their performance while lowering environmental impact