Packet and Circuit Convergence with OpenFlow Stanford Clean Slate Program Funded by Cisco, Deutsche Telekom, DoCoMo, Ericsson, Google, LightSpeed, MDV, NEC, NSF, Xilinx Guru Parulkar with Saurav Das (Stanford), Nick McKeown (Stanford), Preeti Singh (Ciena), Dan Getachew (Ciena), Lyndon Ong (Ciena)

Outline OpenFlow/Software Defined Networking Unifying packet and circuit networks Why providers like it

Internet has many problems Plenty of evidence and documentation Internet’s “root cause problem” It is Closed for Innovations 3

Million of lines of source code 5400 RFCs 500M gates 10Gbytes RAM BloatedPower Hungry Many complex functions baked into the infrastructure OSPF, BGP, multicast, differentiated services, Traffic Engineering, NAT, firewalls, MPLS, redundant layers, … An industry with a “mainframe-mentality” We lost our way Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System Operating System App Routing, management, mobility management, access control, VPNs, … 4

5 Controller OpenFlow Switch Flow Table Flow Table Secure Channel Secure Channel PC OpenFlow Protocol SSL hw sw OpenFlow: Enable Innovations “within” the Infrastructure Add/delete flow entries Encapsulated packets Controller discovery API Net Services

OpenFlow Protocol C CC FLOWVISOR OpenFlow Protocol Research Team A Controller Research Team B Controller Production Net Controller Isolated Network Slices Physical Infrastructure Packet&Circuit Switches: wired, wireless, optical media Sliced and Virtualized OpenFlow Infrastructure Control Plane API 6

Example Network Services Static “VLANs” New routing protocol: unicast, multicast, multipath, load-balancing Network access control Mobile VM management Mobility and handoff management Energy management Packet processor (in controller) IPvX Network measurement and visualization … 7

OpenFlow Enabled Switches/Routers/APs Cisco Catalyst 6k NEC IP8800 HP Procurve 5400 Juniper MX-series WiMax (NEC) WiFi Quanta LB4G More to follow... Cisco Catalyst 3750 (2010) Arista 7100 series (2010) 8 Ciena CoreDirector

OpenFlow as GENI Networking Substrate A nationwide network before end of

European Deployment 10  L2 Packet  Wireless  Routing Pan-European experimental facility  L2 Packet  Optics  Content delivery  L2 Packet  Shadow networks  L2 L3Packet  Optics  Content delivery  L2 Packet  Emulation  Wireless  Content delivery

OpenFlow: A Hack to Experiment? Is there a bigger architecture story with business implications? 11

12 Controller OpenFlow Switch Flow Table Flow Table Secure Channel Secure Channel PC OpenFlow Protocol SSL hw sw OpenFlow: Enable Innovations “within” the Infrastructure Add/delete flow entries Encapsulated packets Controller discovery API Net Services

App Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware App Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Network Operating System 1. Open interface to hardware 3. Well-defined open API 2. At least one good operating system Extensible, possibly open-source Architecturally what It Means 13

Packet and Circuit Convergence with OpenFlow 14

D D C D D C D D C D D C IP/MPLS C D D C D D C D D D D D D D D D D CC D D D D GMPLS Motivation are separate networks managed and operated independently resulting in duplication of functions and resources in multiple layers and significant capex and opex burdens … well known IP & Transport Networks (Carrier’s view)

Convergence is hard … Two networks have very different architectures … previous attempts assumed networks remain the same We believe true convergence will come about from architectural change!

Flow Network D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D UCP … that switch at different granularities: packet, time-slot, lambda & fiber Simple, Unified, Automated Control Plane Simple,networkof FlowSwitches Research Goal: Packet and Circuit Flows Commonly Controlled & Managed Software Defined Networking

Signal Type In Port In Lambda Starting Time-Slot Signal Type OpenFlow & Circuit Switches Exploit the cross-connect table in circuit switches PacketFlows Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Action Circuit Flows Out Port Out Lambda Starting Time-Slot VCG The Flow Abstraction presents a unifying abstraction … blurring distinction between underlying packet and circuit and regarding both as flows in a flow-switched network

IN OUT GE ports TDM ports Packet Switch Fabric Packet Switch Fabric OpenFlow (software) OpenFlow (software) RAS RAS IP VLAN2, P1 VLAN2 VCG 3 OpenFlow (software) OpenFlow (software) VLAN VLAN2, P2 VLAN7VCG5 Packet Switch Fabric IP TC P80 + VLAN7, P2 TDM Circuit Switch Fabric VCG5 VCG3 P1 VC4 1 P2 VC4 4 P1 VC4 10 VCG5 P3 STS192 1 OpenFlow Example

Congestion Control QoS Converged packets & dynamic circuits opens up new capabilities Network Recovery Traffic Engineering Power Mgmt VPNs Discovery Routing

Congestion Control Example Application..via Variable Bandwidth Packet Links

OpenFlow Demo at SC09

Demo Video

Why providers want it 24

New Generation Providers Already Buy into It In a nutshell –Driven by cost and control –Started in data centers…. What New Generation Providers have been Doing Within the Datacenters Buy bare metal switches Write their own control/management applications on a common platform 25

Example: New Data Center Cost 200,000 servers Fanout of 20  10,000 switches $5k commercial switch  $50M $1k custom-built switch  $10M Savings in 10 data centers = $400M Control 1.Optimize for features needed 2.Customize for services & apps 3.Quickly improve and innovate 26 The value prop applies to enterprise and service provider networks

Going Forward They want to apply this approach to other parts of their infrastructure Work together to bring this change at a bigger scale Another way to look at it …

App Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware App Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Network Operating System 1. Open interface to hardware 3. Well-defined open API 2. At least one good operating system Extensible, possibly open-source “Meeting of Minds” with Providers 28

Consequences More innovation in network services –Owners, operators, 3rd party developers, researchers can improve the network –E.g. energy management, data center management, policy routing, access control, denial of service, mobility Lower barrier to entry for competition –Healthier market place with reducing Capex&OpEx 29

Ecosystem Coming Together Role for Everyone to Contribute Researchers and R&E Networks Providers: old and new –Google, Amazon, Yahoo!, (Microsoft, Facebook), –DT, DoCoMo, BT (Level3, Verizon, …) Box vendors –Enterprise and backbone –Packet and circuit (electronic and photonics) –Incumbents and startups Chip vendors –Broadcom, Dune, Marvell, …. 30 The Value Chain

OpenFlow As Networking Substrate A platform for innovations –Within enterprise, backbone, & data center networks Providers already buy into this vision –For their own reasons Opportunities –Eco system is coming together –Time to engage 31

Thank You!! 32