Cody Lee COCKROACHES

HISTORY Have been around for 300 million years Most originated from Africa Introduced to different countries from ships 4,500 species of cockroaches

COMMON SPECIES LOCALLY

QUESTIONS Which of the four cockroaches matures from egg to adult the fastest? -German cockroach If we start with one pregnant German cockroach and there are unlimited harborage areas, food, water, and no pest control how many cockroaches will there be in one year? (eg. 480 American cockroaches in one year) A.900,000 B.3 million C.62 million D.92 million

LIFE CYCLE Average oothecae in a life span: eggs per ootheca Female carries ootheca for 3 weeks Egg-adult development: 103 days Average adult life: up to 200 days

OOTHECA The egg case is a tiny, brown, purse-shaped capsule. It is about 8 mm long and 2 mm wide Shell casing is thin and water-impermeable Hatching is a synchronous event Egg case can sometimes hatch while female is still carry it in its genital atrium

QUESTION If an ootheca is sprayed with insecticides will the egg case dry out? No, if the ootheca is fully matured it will not dry out due to it being water impermeable.

ANATOMY Antennae Used for tasting and smelling Cercus Used to detect predators by air movement Pulvilli (sticky pads) Have hairs and secrete a substance to climb walls (transfer bacteria)

PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE Allergens and asthma triggers Most importantly, cockroaches are potential vectors of human pathogens

PATHOGENS Some examples of human pathogens that are transferred from cockroaches E. coli Clostridium Perfringens Salmonella schottmuelleri Samonella typhosa Bubonic plague ( Pasteurella pestis ) Leprosy ( Mycobacterium leprae ) There are 33 pathogens in total

INCIDENCE OF BACTERIA CONTAMINATION Dairy bottling facility in San Antonio, Texas

DIET Scavenging omnivores Suboptimal nutrients: Extensive foraging Slower growth Cannibalism Opportunist Nails, eyelashes, eyebrows Books Glue

QUESTIONS How long can a German Cockroach live without food and water? Several weeks without food One week without water How long can a German Cockroach live without its head? One week

RESTAURANT CLOSURE Video of Los Angeles restaurant closure by Health Department due to cockroach infestation.

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) IPM is a long term management or elimination of pests utilizing means of non-chemical control before use of pesticides. Principles -Inspection -Exclusion -Sanitation -Pest control

QUESTION What is an excellent non-pesticide tool for roach control? A. IGR B. Broom C. Caulking gun D. Bait If cockroaches become stressed when you clean your facility(remove food and water) and seal gaps and cracks (harborage areas), do they become more susceptible to pesticides and die easier? Yes

INSPECTION A thorough inspection Good flashlight Knowledge of their harborage areas Areas of interest Areas that have moisture, warmth, darkness, and a nearby food supply Water heaters Motor area of refrigeration unit Automatic dishwashing machine

INSPECTION Signs of an infestation Live/dead cockroaches Fecal focal points Activity on the pest control report

INSPECTION (MONITORING TRAPS) Monitoring traps (glue pads) Highly recommend for all facilities Used to identify pest Early warning Confirm elimination Monitor areas

EXCLUSION Exclusion means sealing all holes, gaps, and cracks to reduce cockroach movement and harborage sites. Tools for exclusion: Caulking gun Silicone sealant Urethane foam Screws

SANITATION Sanitation means to remove all sources of food and water from the cockroach’s environment. Benefits of good exclusion and sanitation: increases effectiveness of pesticides Increases performance of baits Use of less pesticide

PEST CONTROL In order for pest control to be successful, restaurant operators must complete the first three principles. Restaurant operators are not required to have pest control, but are highly recommended to have one. Use your pest control (ask questions). Always read your pest control reports.

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) Recommendations Cardboard boxes Raw wood Unused equipment Informing all employees to let management know Team work with your pest control is very important