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The Internet Worldwide collection of interconnected computer networks that enables businesses, organizations, governments, and individuals to communicate in a variety of ways. 3

Types of Connections Dial-Up Inexpensive but slow Involves a modem and a phone line DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Faster Cable modem, satellite, and fiber-optic access Wireless transmitters Internet service providers (ISPs) Companies that help you connect to Internet 4

Connection Speeds Dial-Up Slowest access to Internet Up to 56 kilobits per second, or Kbps DSL 3 megabits per second, or Mbps Cable Modems Up to 30 Mbps A web page that takes about 20 seconds to download via dial-up can take less than a second using a cable modem. 5

Communication Standards Internet relies on protocols or rules that dictate how computers and networks talk to each other. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Rules that control how Internet messages flow between computers Hypertext Transfer Protocol, (HTTP) Rules that determine how browsers should request Web pages ad how server computers should deliver them 6

World Wide Web Giant collection of documents, or pages, stored on computers around the globe. Called the Web Web pages are stored on servers Internet-connected computers running software that allows them to serve up information to other computers. 7

URLs and Links Every page on the Web has a unique address Called a URL Uniform Resource Locator Hyperlinks or links Clickable words or images on Web pages. Every link is associated with a URL Makes is easier to jump from one Web page to another 8

Browsers Web browser-Software that allows you to view and interact with Web pages Most popular Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Apple Safari Each browser may display your pages slightly differently depending on the version 9

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HTML Build Web Pages using HTML Hypertext Markup Language Made up of text content and special codes known as tags Tags tell Web browsers how to display content HTML Platform independent You can view Web pages on any computer operating system Windows Mac Linux 11

HTML Tags HTML is made up of text combined with special instructions called tags. Tags tell a browser how to organize and present text, images, and other Web page content. Tags are surrounded by brackets, Written using an opening tag and a closing tag that surround content Can use upper or lower case letters 12

Rendering HTML When a browser displays a Web page it retrieves the HTML file for that page from a server Looks at the HTML tags to see how the content should be formatted Shows the page 13

HTML Standards The World Wide Web Consortium W3C Primary group guiding the evolution of the HTML language. W3C is made up of hundreds of companies and organizations; leaders in industry include: Microsoft Apple Google Set guidelines to web developers 14

HTML Versions Most recent version of HTML is 4.01 Includes more than 90 different HTML tags Very important because it allows developers to apply more precise formatting to Web pages. Next generation/version of HTML right now the W3C is developing HTML

XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language Web pages that conforms to the stricter standards of XML or Extensible Markup Language. Uses many of the same tags as HTML, but has more rules. Most modern browsers can read both HTML and XHTML. We are only going to learn HTML!! 16

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Explore Web Browsers Software that can retrieve HTML documents from the Web, go through the HTML instructions, and display the resulting Web pages. You can also use the Web browser to test your work. 18

FINDING A BROWSER Most computer operating systems come with a Web browser already installed. Microsoft Vista computers Internet Explorer browser Apple Mac computers Safari browser Another increasingly popular browser is Mozilla Firefox. Many web browsers interpret HTML essentially the same way, but have to write HTML code and test pages carefully. 19

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Simple Text Editors Simple text editors or plain-test editors are easy to find Microsoft windows Notepad Apple Mac TextEdit Wikipedia has a list of free and commercial text editors at 21

HTML Editors Adobe Dreamweaver and Microsoft Expression Programs for writing HTML code and managing Web pages. 22

Understanding HTML Syntax Writing HTML Tags determine how page content is organized and formatted. Tags consist of words or abbreviations surrounded by angle brackets,. This code creates a paragraph in your page. Hello, world! Tags can be written using upper or lowercase letters. All of these versions are legal As a class, we are going to type tag names in uppercase to tell it apart from other code. 23

Tag Structure Certain HTML tags identify different part of your HTML document and tags surround the main body content that appears in the browser window and tags surround accessory information that does not appear directly in the browser window. Some tags have opening and closing and some stand alone. All closing tags must always include a slash (/) before the tag name 24