The War at Home Chapter 22 Section 3 Pages

 Need for supplies for war helped the economy and pulled the U.S. out of the Great Depression  After Pearl Harbor attack, the American workforce was mobilized  Factories began to work around the clock  Were turning out 90,000 planes/year (only 6,000 a year before this)  By the end of the war, American men and women had made:  70,000 ships  44 billion bullets  2 ½ billion army trucks

 Mobilizing the Economy - Gov’t set up agencies to direct the war effort  Fuel agency - to get fuel to armed forces and encourage civilians to cut back on their fuel use  Wage and price agency – controlled food prices and workers pay (no prices or wages were raised during the war)  Rationing – limited amount of something that each person could buy  People received a months supply of coupons to control what they bought  Coupons allowed people to buy things that were hard to get (meat, sugar, butter, and coffee)  Cloth was extremely difficult to buy

Opportunities for Women  made up 1/3 of factory workers  Rosie the Riveter – a house wife turned factory worker who stood for all working women  Women had a new sense of freedom  New responsibilities of women included:  Served in all branches of armed forces  Worked in military offices  Flew supply planes so more men could fly bombers & fighters  Nurses living under same dangerous conditions as soldiers

African Americans During the War  More than 27 million moved during the war – largest migration in U.S. history  African Americans moved to cities in Northeast, Midwest, and West coast to work in factories  About 1 million African Americans served in the armed forces during WWII  Tuskegee Airmen – 332 nd Fighter Group (pilots)

Tuskegee Airmen – 332 nd Fighter Group (pilots) that carried out missions in during the war: PProtected bombers over Europe SShot down 103 enemy planes DDestroyed 298 planes on the ground NNo bomber protected by the Tuskegee Airmen was ever shot down

Latinos During the War  More Latinos volunteered to serve in the armed forces than any other group  1 in 4 men in the Bataan Death March was Mexican American  Still faced discrimination in armed forces

Japanese AmericansDuring the War  Roosevelt ordered the army to take Japanese Americans from their home to internment camps  More than 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced to give up their farms, homes, and businesses  Brought only what they could carry  No trials or hearings  Filled out loyalty questionnaires – those who failed were sent to segregation camps  Reagan signed bill giving every Japanese American who was put in an internment camp $20,000 (covered less than 10% of their loses)

Questions 1.How did Americans help on the home front during WWII? 2.Explain how rationing worked? 3.How did the role of women change during WWII? 4.Who were the Tuskegee Airmen? What did they accomplish? 5.How did Latinos help during WWII? 6.Why were Japanese Americans moved to internment camps? 7.What happened to Japanese Americans who failed the loyalty questionaire?