High-Temperature Superconducting Generators for Direct Drive Applications OZAN KEYSAN Institute for Energy Systems The University of Edinburgh April 2011
Ozan KEYSAN 2 Superconductor? Abolish the OHM’s Law Kakani2009 Zero Resistivity
Ozan KEYSAN 3 MERCURY The First Superconductor Material Discovered in 1911 Critical Temp = 4.2 K (-269 C)
Ozan KEYSAN 4 Other Superconductors Schiferl2006 LIQUID NITROGEN?? OH NO!
Ozan KEYSAN 5 Infinite Current? Unfortunately NOT.
Ozan KEYSAN 6 YBCO (YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 ) Current Density > 200 A/mm2 (5-10 A/mm2 for copper)
Ozan KEYSAN 7 Perfect Diamagnetism
Ozan KEYSAN 8 Applications: MagLev Train
Ozan KEYSAN 9 Applications: Large Hadron Collider Superconducting Magnets Up to 16 T, Normal PM ~1.5 T
Ozan KEYSAN 10 Applications: MRI
Ozan KEYSAN 11 Power Applications Courtesy AMSC, InnoPower Superconductor Transmission Lines Fault Current Limiter
Ozan KEYSAN 12 Power Applications : Electrical Machines Courtesy of Siemens, Converteam (ALSTOM) Siemens: 400 kW Converteam (ALSTOM): 5 MW HTS
Ozan KEYSAN 13 Power Applications : Electrical Machines 36.5 MW, 120 rpm (U.S. Navy, AMSC) Courtesy of AMSC
Ozan KEYSAN 14 Wind Turbine Applications? M. Lesser, J. Müller, “Superconductor Technology – Generating the Future of Offshore Wind Power,” BARD 5MW
Ozan KEYSAN 15 Direct-Drive Solutions
Ozan KEYSAN 16 Cost Comparison (HTSG vs. PMG) Lesser2009
Ozan KEYSAN 17 Types of HTS Machines Rotating DC Superconducting Field Most Common Type Transient Torques on HTS wire Cryocooler Coupler + Brushes Low Reliability Cooling Times Magnetized Bulk HTS Very Difficult to Handle Demagnetization All Superconducting Machines AC Losses on HTS wire
Ozan KEYSAN 18 Reliability? Stationary SC Coil No Cryogenic Coupler No Brushes No Transient Torque on SC Simplified Cooling, Isolation DC Field No AC losses Maximized Current
Ozan KEYSAN 19 Homopolar HTSG
Ozan KEYSAN 20 Homopolar HTSG
Ozan KEYSAN 21 Axial Bipolar HTS Machine
Ozan KEYSAN 22 Bonus: Bipolar Linear HTSG Suitable for WECs
Ozan KEYSAN 23 Transversal Flux HTSG
Ozan KEYSAN 24 Hasta la Vista! Thanks.