Sketching & Dimensioning

Pictorial Drawings Shows an object like you would see in a photograph Give a three dimensional view of a room or structure Three common types Isometric Oblique Perspective

Pictorial Sketch of Kitchen

Isometric Drawings The most common pictorials Constructed with the two faces 30 degrees above the horizontal The axes are 120 degrees between each axis Lines that are horizontal are drawn at 30 degrees Vertical lines remain vertical

Isometric of a Cube

Isometric Dimensioning Dimension lines are parallel to the isometric axes Extension lines are extended in line with these axes

Isometric Dimensioning

Oblique Drawings The front view is draw like it would be using orthographic projection The front view shows all features with true shape and size The top and side view are then projected back from the front view Views can be at any angle 15, 30 or 45 degrees are common

Oblique Drawings Cont. Useful when the front contains more details and features than the side view A mental image can be created more quickly than with orthographic alone Two types of oblique drawings cavalier cabinet

Oblique Drawing

Cavalier Oblique The entire drawing uses the same scale Sometimes creates a distorted appearance

Cavalier Oblique Drawing

Cabinet Oblique Measurements on the receding axes are reduced by half More visually realistic representation Often used for drawing cabinets

Cabinet Oblique Drawing

Perspective Drawings The most realistic of all pictorial drawings Receding lines in the drawing “meet” at a vanishing point instead of being parallel Eliminates distortion at the back part of pictorial drawings Two types parallel (one-point) perspective angular (two point) perspective

Perspective Drawing

Parallel Perspective (One Point) One face of the object is shown as the front view Lines parallel to the front view remain parallel Lines that are perpendicular to the front view converge at a SINGLE VANISHING POINT

Angular Perspective (Two-Point) Similar to isometric drawings One edge of the object is place in front The two faces that meet at this edge recede to DIFFERENT VANISHING POINTS All lines parallel to each face go to the different vanishing points

Angular Perspective Drawing

Horizon Below Object

Exploded Pictorial Drawings Used to show relative position of parts or construction details Used to clarify assembly sequence Common in appliance and cabinetry service manuals

Exploded Pictorial Drawing

Dimensioning Standards Standards are different in different career areas. Civil, Electrical, Construction and other areas follow similar practices, but sometimes with less need for precision in measurements. Dimensioned drawings are a part of a contractual document.

Dimension Lines Various means to terminating ends arrow head dot tick Normally, dimensions are shown ABOVE dimension line If dimension is needed for construction, it should be on drawing Do not included unnecessary dimensions

Types of Dimension Lines

Dimensioning Floor Plans Frame Construction dimensions usually start at the exterior surface of the stud wall interior walls usually dimensioned to the center of partitions

Window and Door Openings Frame Construction Located by their center lines

Window and Door Openings Masonry Construction Openings are dimensioned to the edges of the masonry surface openings