Fritz Haber Enabled the survival of billions: the Haber Process to synthesize ammonia Ammonia is used to create fertilizer Enabled the death of millions: the “father of chemical warfare” Poison gases of WWI and WWII Haber Video Web Link (File Link)

Types of Chemical Reactions Synthesis (Combination) Decomposition Single Replacement Double Replacement Combustion

Synthesis (Combination) Reactions Two or more reactants combine to produce a new product. A + B  AB O + O  OO RUST: 4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3

Decomposition Reactions A compound breaks down into two or more compounds or elements. AB  A + B OO  O + O WATER (electrolysis): 2H2O  2H2 + O2 MERCURY OXIDE: 2HgO  2Hg + O2

Pop: Synthesis and Decomposition Pop is carbonated water (Carbonic Acid) Synthesis: CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 This causes the pop to fizz and bubble When pop goes flat or is shaken up the opposite happens. Decomposition: H2CO3  CO2 + H2O The CO2 is released as a gas and water is left over.

Single Displacement O + OO  OO + O OO + O  OO + O A + BX  AX + B One element of a compound is replaced by a new element to form a new compound. A + BX  AX + B O + OO  OO + O OR AX + Y  AY + X OO + O  OO + O EXAMPLE: 2Na + CaCl2  2NaCl + Ca The sodium and the calcium “trade places”

Double Displacement The elements of two different compounds exchange places, forming two new compounds. AX + BY  AY + BX OO + OO  OO + OO AgNO3 + NaCl  AgCl + NaNO3

Combustion Reaction A combustion reaction is when oxygen combines with another compound to form water and oxides. Combustion reactions are exothermic: they produce heat and light. Often, the compound reacting with oxygen is an organic compound (contains carbon). Example: Octane (component of gasoline) 2C8H18 + 25O2  16CO2 + 18H2O Burn a Buck

Chemical Reactions Video The Five Major Chemical Reactions YouTube File Link

Problems “Types of Reactions” Worksheet Textbook Word Problems… Identify the Type of Reaction Textbook Word Problems… Pg 145: Q2, Q4 Pg 149: Q9, Q10 Pg 155, Q3, Q4, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q13 Balance Equations

Carbon Compounds Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon. The study of all other compounds is known as inorganic chemistry. Some carbon compounds are not considered organic (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and ionic carbonates).

Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. The main sources of hydrocarbons are crude oil and natural gas. Combustion reactions involving hydrocarbons are exothermic – a lot of energy is released (heat and light). Thermal energy heats our homes and powers transportation.

Canada’s Resources

Hydrocarbon + oxygen gas → carbon dioxide + water Complete Combustion A reaction can have different levels of combustion depending on how much oxygen is present during the reaction. When the hydrocarbon is burned in a plentiful supply of oxygen complete combustion occurs. Hydrocarbon + oxygen gas → carbon dioxide + water

Incomplete Combustion A hydrocarbon burned in a poor supply of oxygen results in incomplete combustion. Not as much heat generated. Carbon monoxide and carbon (soot) by-products. hydrocarbon + oxygen gas → carbon dioxide + water + carbon + carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide is Lethal!

The Future of Hydrocarbons: Peak Oil ? A Visual Tour of Peak Oil (3:06) ABC Catalyst – Peak Oil (12:23) Peak Oil Club of Rome (10:04) How many barrels of oil does the world consume each day?

The Growing Gap

International Energy Agency Hydrocarbon Estimates

Questions About Hydrocarbons Question 1: How would the end of cheap oil affect: Individuals Society The Environment The Economy Question 2: What actions could (1) individuals and (2) governments take to conserve oil and offset the effects of rising prices? Question 3: Do you agree or disagree with this whole peak oil theory? Why or why not?

Summary Definitions Synthesis Two or more compounds come together and produce one compound. Decomposition One compound breaks down into two or more compounds. Single Displacement One element replaces another in a compound to produce a new compound. Double Displacement Two elements switch places with each other to produce to new compounds Combustion Oxygen combines with another compound to form water and carbon dioxide.

Summary Table (without Combustion) Pg 151 of text (with combustion)