Technically Demanding Cement Grout Applications Canadian Diamond Drilling Association Vancouver, BC May 29, 2008 Technically Demanding Cement Grout Applications Involving Diamond Core Drilling Peter White, P.Eng

Diamond Core Drilling for Grouting Projects: In The Hole

Diamond Core Drilling for Grouting Projects: In The Hole Around The Hole

Diamond Core Drilling for Grouting Projects: In The Hole Around The Hole Beyond The Hole

Diamond Core Drilling for Grouting Projects: In The Hole Around The Hole Beyond The Hole Typically Bad Ground Conditions

Recent Diamond Drilling Contractors with Technical Grouting Projects: Boart Longyear (FNX Podolsky) Forage Orbit Garant (FNX Podolsky) Major Drilling (Goldcorp & Diavik) Progressive Drilling (PCS Picadilly) Hy-Tech Drilling (McArthur River)

Grouting Project Profiles Agnico-Eagle, Finland Goldcorp, Red Lake, Ont. Hsuehshan Tunnel, Taiwan Pan American Silver, Peru

Water-Bearing Formations Agnico-Eagle, Finland Kittilä Mine Ventilation Raise Through Water-Bearing Formations

Problem: To Seal Water-Bearing Formations Agnico-Eagle, Finland Problem: To Seal Water-Bearing Formations Prior to Vent Raise Excavation

Solution: Systematic Perimeter Drill Hole Pattern Agnico-Eagle, Finland Solution: Systematic Perimeter Drill Hole Pattern Down Stage Cement Grouting Grouting Strategy Specified Grout Mixtures Target Grouting Parameters

Raise Bore Machine Tent Overburden 5 m Water-Filled 25 m 40 m Broken 40 m Fractured

4 m dia Raise Bore Reamer

Typical Raise Bore Enclosure

Drill Casings for Electrical Cables

Drill Casings for Mine Backfill Pipes

Diamec U6 Drill Rig

Cemix 203 H Colloidal Mixer

Cemag 403 H Agitator Tank

Key Elements for Success: Agnico-Eagle, Finland Key Elements for Success: Experienced Contractor Appropriate Drilling and Grouting Equipment Selection of Suitable Cements for Site Conditions Appropriate Use of Grouting Additives Consistent Range of Grout Formulations Target Grout Volumes and Decision Criteria Limited Duration Grouting Operations

Major Water-Bearing Fracture Goldcorp Red Lake Mine Ventilation Raise With Major Water-Bearing Fracture

Problem: To Seal Water-Bearing Fault In Pilot Hole at 400 ft Depth Goldcorp, Red Lake Ont. Problem: To Seal Water-Bearing Fault In Pilot Hole at 400 ft Depth And Reduce 20 GPM Water Inflow Before Reaming Raise to 18 ft Dia

Solution: Plug Pilot Hole to Stop Water Inflow Goldcorp, Red Lake Ont. Solution: Plug Pilot Hole to Stop Water Inflow Systematic Perimeter Drill Hole Pattern Microfine Cement Grouting

Overburden 15 inch dia Pilot Hole 400 ft Water-Bearing Fracture 20 GPM

Diamond Drill Overburden 400 ft HQ Drill Rods + Safety Cable Water-Bearing Fracture Inflatable Packer + Internal Valve

40 ft 40 ft Water Circulation 400 ft Grout Hole Grout Hole 25 ft 25 ft

400 ft Grout Hole Grout Hole Drain Water Column

400 ft Grout Hole Grout Hole Remove Inflatable Packer 2 GPM

Foot Clamp & Safety Cable Sheave Wheel

Safety Cable Sheave Wheel HQ Drill Rods in 15 inch Hole

6240 6180 6200 6220 6260 6280 Hole # 4 400 #4 26 ft 380 #2 Hole # 1 16 ft #5 Hole # 5 33 ft 80 ft Circle 50 ft Circle Vent Raise at Surface 24 ft 360 Hole # 3 #1 #6 Hole # 6 33 ft 37 ft 340 26 ft #3 Hole # 7 #7 Hole # 2 320 Red solid lines indicate surveyed hole trajectory from surface to approximately 400 ft Tan Tag - Tight Hole - zero or low grout consumption Yellow Tag - grout consumption in between tan & green holes Green Tag - Open Hole - high grout consumption Blue Circle Numbers indicate grouting sequence Goldcorp Vent Raise Grouting 2005 Grout Hole Survey Results P White November 3, 2005

Hole # 12 #12 6240 6180 6200 6220 6260 6280 Hole # 4 400 #4 26 ft 380 #2 Hole # 1 16 ft 20 ft #5 Hole # 5 #11 Hole # 8 20 ft Vent Raise at Surface 80 ft Circle 24 ft 360 Hole # 3 #1 #6 Hole # 6 16 ft 25 ft 16 ft 340 #10 13 ft 13 ft #8 Hole # 9 16 ft Hole # 11 #3 Hole # 7 #7 Hole # 2 320 Red solid lines indicate surveyed hole trajectory from surface to approximately 400 ft Tan Tag - Tight Hole - zero or low grout consumption Yellow Tag - grout consumption in between tan & green holes Green Tag - Open Hole - high grout consumption Blue Circle Numbers indicate grouting sequence Hole # 10 #9 Goldcorp Vent Raise Grouting 2006 Drill Hole Locations P White April 11, 2006

Key Elements for Success: Goldcorp, Red Lake Ont. Key Elements for Success: Innovative Approach to Eliminate Groundwater Movement Appropriate Drilling and Grouting Equipment Water Pressure Testing To Assess Site Conditions Selection of Suitable Cements Gyro-Survey to Plot Drill Hole Positions

Exploration Drillhole Hsuehshan Tunnel Taiwan Exploration Drillhole In Blocky Ground

Hsuehshan Tunnel,Taiwan Problem: To Drill Long Exploration Holes In Advance of Tunnel Heading Previous Contractor Could Not Drill Beyond 100 m

Hsuehshan Tunnel,Taiwan Solution: Controlled Drilling Fast-Setting, High-Strength Grout Downstage Grouting Methods Using Inflatable Packers

Hsuehshan Tunnel Project Twin 11.72 m Dia Road Tunnels Wirth TBM 4.8 m Dia Pilot Tunnel Robbins TBM

Hsuehshan Tunnel Project Tunnel Portal <- 2,000 m Tunnel Advance -> Exploration Drillhole Drill Station

Hsuehshan Tunnel,Taiwan Challenges: Limited Success with Conventional Drilling (P>H>N>B>A) Client & Contractors With Limited Grouting Experience

Portion of Drill Hole Previously Drilled and Grouted Deteriorating Drilling Conditions Difficult Drilling Conditions Drilling Direction Satisfactory Drilling Conditions

Pump Accelerated Set Time High Strength Cement Grout Inflatable Packer Here Pump Accelerated Set Time High Strength Cement Grout Only at Bottom of Hole Drilling Direction Grout Formulation: Low W:C Ratio Warm Water Cement CaCl

Hsuehshan Tunnel,Taiwan Key Elements for Success: Innovative Drilling Contractor Seeking Solutions Grouting Knowledge & Relevant Experience Appropriate Drilling and Grouting Equipment Fast-Setting High-Strength Cement Grout

Pan American Silver Unidad Huaron Peru Shaft Sinking In Water-Bearing Ground

Pan American Silver, Peru Problem: To Drill and Grout In Advance of Shaft Sinking From Upper Level Access With High Rates of Water Inflow

Pan American Silver, Peru Solution: Controlled Drilling Controlled Grouting Downstage Grouting Methods Using Inflatable Packers

Existing Shaft Zone to Be Grouted Prior to Shaft Sinking COTA 4207 COTA 4232 COTA 4163 COTA 4112 15 m 10 m Existing Shaft Zone to Be Grouted Prior to Shaft Sinking Drill Hole Pattern Water-Bearing Fault Zone Shaft Station & Loading Pocket

Pan American Silver, Peru Key Elements for Success: Innovative Mining Company Seeking Solutions Grouting Knowledge & Relevant Experience Appropriate Drilling and Grouting Equipment Down Stage Drilling & Grouting Methods

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