C.I. 3.6 Optical Isomerism.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Geometrical and Optical Isomerism in Organic Chemistry

Advertisements

Drug Action - HL. Drug Action Stereoisomers are isomers with the same molecular formula and the same structural formula, but a different arrangement of.

Types of Organic Compounds

Pharmaceutical ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.  Optical Isomerism  Polarimeter  Chirality  Chiral compounds  Enantiomers and diastereomers  Racemate.

Chapter 17 in Green / Damjii

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Isomerism University of Lincoln presentation.

Extended materials Jelena Marinković. The existence of chemical compounds that have the same molecular formulae but different molecular structures or.

OPTICAL ISOMERISM. Occurrence another form of stereoisomerism occurs when compounds have non-superimposable mirror images Isomers the two different forms.

Organic Chemistry Stereochemistry. Isomers compounds with the same molecular formula but not identical structures.

The study of the three dimensional structure of molecules.

Definitions o Stereochemistry refers to the 3-dimensional properties and reactions of molecules. o It has its own language and terms that need to be learned.

Chapter 6 Stereochemistry.

The Importance of Carbon

Why Stereochemistry? Stereo isomers Optical Activity – Optical Isomers Optical Rotation Chirality-Chiral atom-Chiral molecules Enantiomers Specifying.

Isomers Larry J Scheffler Lincoln High School IB Chemistry

Symmetry The World of Organic Molecules. What is Symmetry?

Optical Isomerism.

1 Stereoisomers Review: –Structural Isomers: Compounds that have the same molecular formula, but differ in the structural arrangement of atoms. Examples:

Stereochemistry Stereoisomerism.

Isomerism. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but have different arrangements of atoms in space. Isomers have different physical.

Stereochemistry & Chiral Molecules. Isomerism Isomers are different compounds with the same molecular formula 1) Constitutional isomers: their atoms are.

Optical isomerism L.O.:  Describe optical isomers as non-superimposable mirror images about an organic chiral centre.  Identify chiral centres in a molecule.

Summary Slide Stereochemistry

1 Stereoisomerism Chapter 26 Hein * Best * Pattison * Arena Colleen Kelley Chemistry Department Pima Community College © John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Version.

Drug Action (D 8 ) Pages ) Definitions 2) Geometrical Isomerism 3) Chirality 4) Beta-lactam ring (Penicillin) 5) Heroin.

Amino Acids Organic compounds containing both the amine -NH 2 and carboxyl -COOH functional groups. Amine e.g. CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 ethylamine Carboxylic acid.

Chirality Chirality - the Handedness of Molecules.

Carbon Compounds VERSITILE CARBON  Carbon has a valence of 4 which makes it capable of entering into 4 covalent bonds.

Investigating chirality

Chemistry 2100 Chapter 15. Enantiomers Enantiomers: Enantiomers: Nonsuperposable mirror images. –As an example of a molecule that exists as a pair of.

1 ISOMERISM. 2 Contents Isomers-Definitions Geometrical isomers Nomenclature for Geometrical isomers Optical Isomerism Nomenclature For Optical Isomers.

OPTICAL ISOMERISM. All molecules have a mirror image – but for most molecules it is the same molecule.

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LEC 2. QI: Arrange the following sets in order of decreasing priority -H, -C 2 H 5, -CH 3, -C(CH 3 ) 3, -CH(CH 3 ) 2.

Stereoisomerism AH Chemistry Unit 3(c). Occurs due to the restricted rotation of C=C double bonds... two forms… CIS and TRANS STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM STEREOISOMERISM.

Week 7 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original State the general formula for an α-amino acid as RCH(NH 2 )COOH.

Stereochemistry. Required background: Shapes of molecular structures Isomers, conformers Essential for: 1. Understanding of S N 1, S N 2, E1, E2, and.

Isomers Are different compounds with the same molecular formula

OPTICAL ISOMERISM.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

20.3 Stereoisomers Isomers: molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas.

HL only. Learning outcomes Understand: There are two sub-classes of stereoisomers - conformational isomers and configurational isomers Conformational.

Important definition! Stereoisomers Molecules with the same STRUCTURAL FORMULA but a different ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN SPACE.

Structural, Geometric, Enantiomer

Stereochemistry of organic compounds

Unit 4 organic chemistry

Structural Isomerism 1 butane 2-methylpropane C4H10.

Chemical isomers.

Section 4: Hydrocarbon Isomers

DRUG ACTION By Merve DOĞANGÜN.

The 3-D Shape of Molecules

Isomers Molecules with same molecular formula but their respective atoms are arranged differently in space 1.

SAM GIRLSCOLLEGE, BHOPAL

Isomerism SCH4U Spring 2012.

Stereoisomerism.

Chapter 20.3: Stereoisomerism

Optical Isomers.

20.3 Stereoisomerism HL only.

Chapter 9 Stereochemistry.

Isomers Molecules with same molecular formula but their respective atoms are arranged differently in space 1.

TYPES OF ISOMERISM STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM

B.E. (Petroleum & Natural Gas)

Functional group isomerism

Stereochemistry Stereochemistry refers to the

1.Structural 2.Stereo isomers - geometric - optical

enantiomers and diastereomers

Presentation transcript:

C.I. 3.6 Optical Isomerism

Types of isomerism Isomerism Structural isomerism Stereoisomerism Geometric isomerism Optical isomerism

Different compounds- different properties. geometric isomerism

Optical Isomerism Arises because of the different ways you can arrange four different groups around a carbon atom. Hang on!! Aren’t -amino acids a group of compounds that have four different groups around a carbon atom?

four groups of electrons around the central atom four bonding pairs TETRAHEDRAL shape bond angle exactly 109

alanine imaginary mirrors

The only way to make these two superimpose is to break & reform bonds. All molecules have mirror images – however they don’t all exist as two isomers. What makes an isomer is the fact that the mirror image and the original molecule are non-superimposable! The only way to make these two superimpose is to break & reform bonds.

Left and right hands are an example of non-superimposable mirror images.

Enantiomers ? Molecules such as alanine that exist in these two forms = optical isomers or enantiomers. We distinguish between the two enantiomers of a molecule by +/-, D/L or more correctly R/S. A 50/50 mixture of the two enantiomers is called a racemic mixture or a racemate.

chiral centre of alanine Some more key words … Molecules that are not superimposable on their mirror images are called chiral molecules. A carbon surrounded by 4 different groups is called a chiral centre. chiral centre of alanine

The CORNy rules for naming enantiomers. Optical isomers exist as L-enantiomers or D-enantiomers. L-enantiomer D-enantiomer R R CO CO N N

The CORNy rules for naming enantiomers. Imagine looking down on the molecule with the single H atom point straight up towards you. Label the other three groups COOH = CO R-group = R NH2 = N If CORN is arranged in a CLOCKWISE direction it is the L-amino acid. If CORN is arranged ANTI-CLOCKWISE it is a D-amino acid.

How do enantiomers differ? Behave identically in ordinary test-tube chemical reactions. Have same physical properties. BUT!! Behave differently in presence of other chiral molecules. e.g. Taste-buds are ‘chiral’ D-amino acids taste sweet, L-amino acids are tasteless or bitter.