ROCKS

Are classified according to the environment in which they _________ form

Types of Rocks: ________ ________ ________ igneous Types of Rocks: ________ ________ ________ sedimentary metamorphic

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Where Does Igneous Rock Form?

I. FORMATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

solidification crystallization A. Igneous rocks form directly from the _____________ and _____________ crystallization

of _____molten rock to form _______ rock liquid of _____molten rock to form _______ rock solid

FOUNTAINING

FISSURE ERUPTION

LAVA FLOW

LAVA FLOW OVER A ROAD

LAVA FLOW THROUGH FORREST

Kilauea, HI 2003

Kilauea, HI , 2003

Mt. ST. Helens

Volcanic crater

crazy vulcanist

SKY LIGHT

B. _____________ is the process when a liquid rock cools, crystallization B. _____________ is the process when a liquid rock cools,

and it changes to a solid made of ___________________ INTERGROWN CRYSTALS

GRANITE MICROSCOPIC VIEW

2. CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS:

A. 2 characteristics that are used to classify igneous rocks:

texture 1. ______________ 2. ______________ mineral composition

B. Texture of an igneous rock describes the

size shape arrangement _________, __________ and ____________ of the mineral crystals it was made from. arrangement

C. The ______ of the crystals depends on the _______________________ size C. The ______ of the crystals depends on the _______________________ Rate of cooling

Slow cooling = ____________ large crystals

MINERAL CRYSTALS

GABBRO

Fast cooling = ____________ fine crystals Or no crystals (glassy)

GLASSY TEXTURE: OBSIDIAN

BASALT: FINE CRYSTALS

BASALT MICROSCOPIC VIEW

Granite: Coarse crystals Basalt: Fine crystals (Microscopic views)

FINE CRYSTAL: RYOLITE

3. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS: Extrusions A. _____________ occurs when molten (liquid) rock flows out of the earth as ________________ lava

lava magma

And cools __________ quickly

to form fine or no ____________ crystals

Vesicular basalt gas pockets

frothy texture (vesicular) This rock if full of gas pockets

B. To form magma, ____________ must be melted. minerals

pressures temperatures C. Minerals melt at different ____________ and ___________ temperatures pressures

D. Igneous rocks of different ____________ composition

Can form from the same body of ____________ magma

4. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS: Intrusions A. _____________ occurs when molten rock beneath the surface (magma)

cools ____________ to form _____________ slowly coarse crystals

Granite: Coarse crystals Basalt: Fine crystals (Microscopic views)

low light (granitic) 5. FELSIC A. Igneous rocks of the continental crust are rich in _________ density _________ colored minerals low light (granitic)

high dark (basaltic) 6. MAFIC A. Igneous rocks of the ocean floor are rich in _________ density _________ colored minerals high dark (basaltic)

Comparing Oceanic Crust To Continental Crust

low density light color granitic felsic thick Continental Crust: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. low density light color granitic felsic thick

high density dark color basaltic mafic thin Oceanic Crust: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. high density dark color basaltic mafic thin

Complete the Activity Use this diagram in your ESRT to answer the following: What is the temperature for the interface between the following… inner core and outer core? 6250° C Outer core and stiffer mantle? 5000° C Stiffer Mantle and athenosphere? 2600° C Asthenosphere and lithosphere? 750° C

What is the depth of the interface between the stiffer mantle and the outer core? 2900 KM State the relationship between depth and pressure :As depth increase pressure increases State the relationship between depth and temperature: As depth increases temperature increases

When rocks melt, bonds broken. Crystalline solid no longer exists. MELTING ROCKS AND CRYSTALLIZING MAGMA Rock magma magma rock When rocks melt, bonds broken. Crystalline solid no longer exists.

Hot liquid contains still solid fragments MELTING ROCKS AND CRYSTALLIZING MAGMA Rock magma magma rock Hot liquid contains still solid fragments Minerals melt at different temperatures Melting causes changes in magma composition

Cooling of hot liquid allows crystallization of minerals MELTING ROCKS AND CRYSTALLIZING MAGMA Rock magma magma rock Cooling of hot liquid allows crystallization of minerals Bonds are re-established Crystalline structure grows until edges touch adjacent crystals Minerals crystallize at different temperatures

OK……….. TAKE OUT YOUR REFERENCE TABLE