WHOLE EFFLUENT TOXICITY

WHOLE EFFLUENT TOXICITY What is whole effluent toxicity? testing a wastewater discharge with aquatic organisms to assess the discharge's toxicity WET is a standardized protocol (ex the Standard Methods

WHOLE EFFLUENT TOXICITY Understanding WET - An effluent may be complying with all the individual parameter limits but does it guarantee that it will not cause any detrimental effects of the aquatic organisms? WET attempts to answer this question and quantify the effects WET is an aquatic toxicity/bioassay test

WHOLE EFFLUENT TOXICITY Understanding WET Acute test (24 to 96 hrs) Chronic test (~ 7 days)

WET Freshwater Chronic Test Species Invertebrates: Ceriodaphnia dubia Fish Pimephales promelas - Fathead Minnow Algae Selenastrum capricornutum Though algae are contained in the program, they are not used.

Test Data Typical dose response where mortality increases as the concentration of effluent in the mixture increases. LC50 would be somewhere between 25% effluent and 50% effluent. calculated point estimate or a Pass fail test where a concentration, usually that which is considered a critical concentration of effluent in the recieving water or ambient toxicity test measured against a control Examples of Pass/Fail Acute test Instream waste concentration equals 75% statistical evaluation using a student-t test compares mortality rates of ambient or IWC sample against a control Is there a “significant statistical difference between the two results” 6.25 % Effluent 12.5 % Effluent 25.0% Effluent 50.0% Effluent 100.0% Effluent Control 0% Mortality 0% mortality 20 % Mortality 40% Mortality 80% Mortality 100% Mortality New Jersey Saline Acute Test Species

Test Result Examples of Pass/Fail Acute test Calculated point estimate or a Pass fail test where a concentration, usually that which is considered a critical concentration of effluent in the receiving water or ambient toxicity test measured against a control Examples of Pass/Fail Acute test Instream waste concentration (IWC) = 75% statistical evaluation using a student-t test compares mortality rates of ambient or IWC sample against a control. Is there a “significant statistical difference between the two results” calculated point estimate or a Pass fail test where a concentration, usually that which is considered a critical concentration of effluent in the recieving water or ambient toxicity test measured against a control Examples of Pass/Fail Acute test Instream waste concentration equals 75% statistical evaluation using a student-t test compares mortality rates of ambient or IWC sample against a control Is there a “significant statistical difference between the two results” New Jersey Saline Acute Test Species

Grab vs. Composite Grab samples offer “snap shot” of effluent Composite samples offer “average view” of effluent NJDEP requires sampling based on discharge type Continuous discharge – 24 hour composite sample Intermittent discharge – grab or composite each day that is representative of discharge Type of sample and frequency of collection is dependent upon the use of the data and the discharge the test is intended to represent. Samples are not to be used after they have been held for 72 hours. Samples are to be chilled during or immediately upon collection to 4oC.

Grab vs. Composite Type of sample and frequency of collection is dependent upon the use of the data and the discharge the test is intended to represent. Samples are not to be used after they have been held for 72 hours. Samples are to be chilled during or immediately upon collection to 4oC. Type of sample and frequency of collection is dependent upon the use of the data and the discharge the test is intended to represent. Samples are not to be used after they have been held for 72 hours. Samples are to be chilled during or immediately upon collection to 4oC.

WET Monitoring a fathead minnow test Opossum Shrimp Pimephales promelas

WET Procedures

Pimephales promelas Adults are small fish typically 43 mm to 102 mm, and aceraging about 50 mm, in total length. Widely distributed in North America. In muddy brooks, streams creeks, ponds and small lakes, is uncommon or absent in streams of moderate and high gradients and in most of the larger and deeper impoundments, and is tolerant of high temperature and turbidity, and low oxygen concentrations. bait fish breeding males develop a conspicuous, narrow, elongated, gray, fleshy pad of spongy tubercles on the back, anterior to the dorsal fin, and two or three rows of strong nuptial tubercles across the snout. Adults are small fish typically 43 mm to 102 mm, and averaging about 50 mm, in total length. Photo by Karen McCabe from Animal Soup

Tests Results in Canada http://www.ec.gc.ca/