Mass Transport of Pollutants

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Presentation transcript:

Mass Transport of Pollutants

Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids NAPLs – Insoluble in water and Separate phase Dense NAPLs – More dense than water Chlorinated hydrocarbons Trichloroethylene-TCE Tetrachloroethylene-PCE Density increases with increasing halogenation Density difference of 0.1% causes sinking

Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids Light NAPLs Lighter than water Petroleum hydrocarbons Oil Gasoline Density difference between water and NAPL of 1% can influence flow Low viscosity NAPLs migrate more rapidly than high viscosity NAPLs

Transport Processes Conservation of Mass for dissolved substances in groundwater Rate of change of mass = Flux of mass out – Flux of mass in ± gain or loss of mass due to reactions x y z Mass flux in Mass flux out

Solutes Conservative (nonreactive) Nonconservative (reactive) Do not react with water or soil, do not biologically or radioactively decay Nonconservative (reactive)

Physical Processes Controlling Flux Advection Solutes carried along by flowing groundwater Diffusion Transport by molecular diffusion Dispersion Transport by mechanical mixing

Solute Spreading

Advection Advection f = porosity vx = average velocity Solutes carried along by flowing groundwater f = porosity vx = average velocity F = Advective flux = Total mass of solute which is carried across a unit area oriented normal to the bulk fluid motion

Diffusion Diffusion Molecular-based phenomenon Net movement toward areas of lower concentration F = mass flux per unit area per unit time (M/L2/T) D* = apparent diffusion coefficient in soil (L2/T) C = solute concentration (M/L3) ∂C/∂x = concentration gradient (M/L3/L)

Dispersion Mechanical Dispersion Transport by mechanical mixing F = mass flux per unit area per unit time (M/L2/T) Dx = dispersion coefficient (L2/T) C = solute concentration (M/L3) ∂C/∂x = concentration gradient (M/L3/L)

Advection-Dispersion Equation F = mass flux per unit area per unit time (M/L2/T) Dx = dispersion coefficient (L2/T) C = solute concentration (M/L3) ∂C/∂x = concentration gradient (M/L3/L)

Mass Flux x y z Mass flux in Mass flux out

Mass Balance Equation Mass accumulation

Solution Solution

Error Function

Error Function Values Homework: Problems 881 and 884

Groundwater Monitoring

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