Foundations of American Education, Fifth Edition L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Foundations of American Education , 5th Edition

Chapter 2 Development of the Profession PowerPoint Presentation L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Teaching as a Profession Is teaching a profession? What is the professional model? L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Requirements of a Profession L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Specialized Knowledge and Preparation a broad grounding in liberal arts and sciences a knowledge of subjects to be taught, skills to be developed, and about curriculum and materials a knowledge of general and subject-specific methods a knowledge of students and human development L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Specialized Knowledge and Preparation (continued) skills in teaching students from a variety of racial, ethnic, and socio-economic backgrounds the skills, capacity, and disposition to use knowledge wisely in the interest of students L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Provision of Essential Services to Society “If a nation expects to be ignorant and free in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be.” Thomas Jefferson, 1816 to Charles Yancey, as cited in Lipscomb, A. A., & Bergh, A. E. (1903-1904). The writings of Thomas Jefferson. Memorial edition, Vol. 14, p. 384. Washington, D.C.: The Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association. L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The Exercise of Discretion Teachers routinely exercise discretion and judgment in providing services to students in the classroom. Teachers follow school policies and regulations, district curriculum guides, and state requirements. L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Autonomy and Freedom From Direct Supervision Teachers have a high degree of autonomy in day-to-day work. Teachers function in the social setting of the school. Parents and taxpayers have an interest in ensuring that teachers are responsible professionals. Some degree of supervision of teachers is necessary. L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Code of Professional Standards Teachers are policed by public agencies. Professional practice boards or commissions may: take disciplinary action, following a review of any questionable professional conduct L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Professional Code of Ethics L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Increased Professionalization of Teaching standards for teacher education preparation state licensing requirements entry-level examinations professional certification programs performance-based pay programs career with opportunities for advancement L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Development of Professional Standards L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

National Board Certification National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) Individualized portfolio assesses knowledge demonstrates skills shows professional judgment Professional and financial incentives L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

National Board Certification (continued) L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Professional Development state professional development activities professional organizations conferences focused workshops action research projects staff development L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Professional Development (continued) mentoring programs self-renewal sabbaticals for advanced study periodic change of school or teaching assignment attendance at workshops or conferences visitation programs L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Career Advancement Career ladders performance-based ladders job-enlargement ladders professional development ladders probationary or apprentice teacher professional teacher senior teacher master teacher Teacher-leaders L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Evaluating Teacher Performance Types of teacher evaluation Summative designed to assess end-of-activity behaviors and overall performance Formative ongoing; intended to provide continuing feedback L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Teachers’ Organizations national teachers’ organizations state organizations for teachers local organizations for teachers subject-matter organizations for teachers teachers’ organizations and public policy issues L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.