Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 6e Chapter 33 – Alternating Current Circuits

Consider the voltage phasor in the figure below, shown at three instants of time. Choose the part of the figure that represents the instant of time at which the instantaneous value of the voltage has the largest magnitude. Choice (a) Choice (b) Choice (c) 1 2 3 4 5

The phasor in part (a) has the largest projection onto the vertical axis.

For the voltage phasor in the figure below, choose the part of the figure that represents the instant of time at which the instantaneous value of the voltage has the smallest magnitude. Choice (a) Choice (b) Choice (c) 1 2 3 4 5

The phasor in part (b) has the smallest-magnitude projection onto the vertical axis.

Which of the following statements might be true for a resistor connected to a sinusoidal AC source? av = 0 and iav = 0 av = 0 and iav > 0 av > 0 and iav = 0 av > 0 and iav > 0 1 2 3 4 5

The average power is proportional to the rms current, which, as Figure 33.5 shows, is nonzero even though the average current is zero. Condition (1) is valid only for an open circuit, and conditions (2) and (4) can never be true because iav = 0 for AC circuits.

The brightness will be the same at all frequencies. Consider the AC circuit in the figure below. The frequency of the AC source is adjusted while its voltage amplitude is held constant. The lightbulb will glow the brightest at high frequencies low frequencies The brightness will be the same at all frequencies. 1 2 3 4 5

For low frequencies, the reactance of the inductor is small so that the current is large. Most of the voltage from the source is across the bulb, so the power delivered to it is large.

The brightness will be same at all frequencies. Consider the AC circuit in the figure below. The frequency of the AC source is adjusted while its voltage amplitude is held constant. The lightbulb will glow the brightest at high frequencies low frequencies The brightness will be same at all frequencies. 1 2 3 4 5

For high frequencies, the reactance of the capacitor is small so that the current is large. Most of the voltage from the source is across the bulb, so the power delivered to it is large.

The brightness will be same at all frequencies. Consider the AC circuit in this figure. The frequency of the AC source is adjusted while its voltage amplitude is held constant. The lightbulb will glow the brightest at high frequencies low frequencies The brightness will be same at all frequencies. 1 2 3 4 5

For low frequencies, the reactance of the capacitor is large so that very little current exists in the capacitor branch. The reactance of the inductor is small so that current exists in the inductor branch and the lightbulb glows. As the frequency increases, the inductive reactance increases and the capacitive reactance decreases. At high frequencies, more current exists in the capacitor branch than the inductor branch and the lightbulb glows more dimly.

The same amount of power is delivered at both frequencies. An AC source drives an RLC circuit with a fixed voltage amplitude. If the driving frequency is ω1, the circuit is more capacitive than inductive and the phase angle is ‑10°. If the driving frequency is ω2, the circuit is more inductive than capacitive and the phase angle is +10°. The largest amount of power is delivered to the circuit at ω1 ω2 The same amount of power is delivered at both frequencies. 1 2 3 4 5

The cosine of – φ is the same as that of + φ, so the cos φ factor in Equation 33.31 is the same for both frequencies. The factor ΔVrms is the same because the source voltage is fixed. According to Equation 33.27, changing + φ to – φ simply interchanges the values of XL and XC. Equation 33.25 tells us that such an interchange does not affect the impedance, so that the current Irms in Equation 33.31 is the same for both frequencies.

The impedance of a series RLC circuit at resonance is larger than R less than R equal to R impossible to determine 1 2 3 4 5

At resonance, XL = XC. According to Equation 33 At resonance, XL = XC. According to Equation 33.25, this gives us Z = R.

a high quality factor a low quality factor An airport metal detector (see page 1003) is essentially a resonant circuit. The portal you step through is an inductor (a large loop of conducting wire) within the circuit. The frequency of the circuit is tuned to its resonance frequency when there is no metal in the inductor. Any metal on your body increases the effective inductance of the loop and changes the current in it. If you want the detector to detect a small metallic object, the circuit should have a high quality factor a low quality factor 1 2 3 4 5

The higher the quality factor, the more sensitive the detector The higher the quality factor, the more sensitive the detector. As you can see from Figure 33.19, when Q = ω0/Δω is high, a slight change in the resonance frequency (as might happen when a small piece of metal passes through the portal) causes a large change in current that can be detected easily.

Suppose you are designing a high-fidelity system containing both large loudspeakers (woofers) and small loudspeakers (tweeters). If you wish to deliver low-frequency signals to a woofer, what device would you place in series with it? an inductor a capacitor a resistor 1 2 3 4 5

The current in an inductive circuit decreases with increasing frequency (see Eq. 33.9). Thus, an inductor connected in series with a woofer blocks high-frequency signals and passes low-frequency signals.

Remember, you are designing a high-fidelity system containing both large loudspeakers (woofers) and small loudspeakers (tweeters). If you wish to deliver high-frequency signals to a tweeter, what device would you place in series with it? an inductor a capacitor a resistor 1 2 3 4 5

The current in a capacitive circuit increases with increasing frequency (see Eq. 33.17). When a capacitor is connected in series with a tweeter, the capacitor blocks low-frequency signals and passes high-frequency signals.