South-central Section GSA 2013 Austin

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Presentation transcript:

South-central Section GSA 2013 Austin Multi-Proxy Approaches to Interpreting Climate and Soil Duration in the Deep-Time Geologic Record Using Vertisols Steven G. Driese*, Lee C. Nordt, Amos V. Culbertson, Emily J. Beverly, Gary E. Stinchcomb, & Forrest Williamson (STATS) Department of Geology, Paleoclimatology Research Group One Bear Place #97354, Baylor University Waco, TX 76798-7354 ; *Steven_Driese@baylor.edu South-central Section GSA 2013 Austin

Studies of Surface Soil and Weathering Systems as Proxy Analogs for Paleosols Have lead to major improvements for geoscientists in interpreting climate from the fossil soil (paleosol) record using studies of surface soil systems (a) Paleoprecipitation (MAP) (b) Seasonality of paleoprecipitation (c) Paleotemperature (d) Soil drainage and maturitycharacteristics

Jenny’s (1941) Environmental Factor Model (climate, organisms, relief, parent material, and time) INPUT (cl, o, r, p, t,…) Function (f) OUTPUT f(cl, o, r, p, t,…) equals Soil (S) or soil property (s) Soils are a multi-variable system …also, climate influence on soil system is non-linear Demonstrated by Jenny (1941) and many others

Vertisols: High Shrink-Swell, High Clay-Content Soils; Abundant in Texas Coast Prairie Texas Vertisol “Climosequence”: NSF EAR-9814607 (Driese, Nordt and Mora); University of Tennessee- Knoxville, Baylor, TAMU, USDA-NRCS

Parent Material: Beaumont Fm Parent Material: Beaumont Fm. (>35-40 ka) alluvium: Texas Coast Prairie League Series: MAP 1350-1450 mm Lake Charles: MAP 1050-1350 mm Laewest Series: MAP 900-1050 mm Victoria Series: MAP 800-900 mm

New Vertisol MAP Proxy Nordt and Driese (2010) Geology, v. 38, p. 407-410.

Lake Brownwood Spillway, TX Culbertson (2013) M.S. Thesis, Baylor University

Culbertson, (2013) Baylor Univ. M.S. Thesis

Upper Paleosol Interval Bssg1 Pedogenic siderite Bssg2 Culbertson(2013) Baylor Univ. M.S. Thesis

Lower Paleosol Interval Abrupt, rapid drowning Culbertson(2013) Baylor Univ. M.S. Thesis

Upper Paleosol Interval Culbertson(2013) Baylor Univ. M.S. Thesis Slow, gradual drowning

Paleosol Paleoclimate Database workflow PRISM (MAP & MAT) NED (elevation) (Gary Stinchcomb, former Baylor GEO post-doc (now @ Penn. State) + Forrest Williamson from Baylor STATS) NRCS/USDA (soils) NLCD (land cover) Paleosol Paleoclimate Model (BU-PPM v. 1.0) Database aggregation & management Paleosol literature time period morphology geochemistry, etc… researcher

New Paleoclimate Proxy – BU-PPM 1.0 Stinchcomb et al. (2013) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in review Based on 685 U.S. Soil Profiles and Partial Least Squares Regression of 11 Major Oxides

New Paleoclimate Proxy – BU-PPM 1.0 Stinchcomb et al. (2013) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in review Based on 685 U.S. Soil Profiles and Partial Least Squares Regression of 11 Major Oxides

BU-PPM1. 0 results: Baylor enlarged U. S. data set vs BU-PPM1.0 results: Baylor enlarged U.S. data set vs. original Marbut (1935) soil data base used for CIA-K Stinchcomb et al. (2013) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in review Model RMSEMAP RMSEMAT RMSPEMAP RMSPEMAT BU-PPM1.0 228 2.46 512 3.98 CIA-K 195 - 391 (Na2O+K2O)/Al2O3 3.63 6.32

BU-PPM1BU-PPM 1.0.0 website – graphical interface

Brownwood – Paleotemperatures? Lower Paleosol Interval Upper Paleosol Interval

Young Soil vs. Dry Soil? Mass-Balance Results for TX Vertisols Soil Age (yr) MAP (mm) Ships 1000 1120 Pledger 6600 1200 Burleson 16000 1120 Lake 40000 1150 Charles Mercedes 7500 700 Older South Texas soil (Mercedes) in lower MAP resembles younger East Texas soil (Ships) in higher MAP