GROUNDING 101

GROUNDING 101

Protect Equipment from Fault Currents WHY DO WE GROUND? SAFETY Protect People Protect Equipment from Fault Currents

Electricity will always follow the path of least resistance to ground. WHY SHOULD WE GROUND? Electricity will always follow the path of least resistance to ground. Proper circuit grounding will keep electricity from using your body to get to ground Grounded Circuit Requirements: Path is continuous and permanent Ample capacity Low Resistance Circuit parts are bonded together

WHAT DO WE GAIN? Provides personnel safety - #1 priority Provides a stable signal reference for instrument accuracy Controls Radio Frequency emissions & Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI’s) Provides a discharge path for short circuits and lightning strikes

LIGHTNING PROTECTION LIGHTNING FACTS Packs between 35,000 and 40,000 amperes Generates temperatures as high as 50,000 C Travels as far as 40 miles Strikes somewhere on the earth every second Kills 100 people each year in the U.S.A. Destroys millions of dollars in property and equipment

STATIC DISCHARGE THE UNWANTED SPARK

Example: TEL-COM CELL SITE Grounding Locations Example: TEL-COM CELL SITE

BURNDY HAS THREE TYPES OF GROUNDING PRODUCTS MECHANICAL COMPRESSION EXOTHERMIC (weld)

MECHANICAL

WHAT IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR? Makes a secure connection using bolts or other hardware to bind conductors in place. Range Taking No special tooling Inexpensive Removable

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON CONNECTORS?

BUS BAR / FLAT BAR CONNECTOR CATEGORIES GB GZ GBM Cable to bar with separator Cable to bar loop Cable directly to bar

BUS BAR / FLAT BAR CONNECTOR CATEGORIES GL QGFL GCM GC Two parallel cables / tap Eye in basket GCM GC Two Cables directly to bar Two cable to bar with separator

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES BUS BAR / FLAT BAR KC KPB GKA Servit post

FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING CONNECTOR CATEGORIES FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING GK GAR Three cable parallel GP Cable to rod GD Two cable Perpendicular Two cable parallel

FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING CONNECTOR CATEGORIES FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING GAR-TC GG Cable at 45 90 degrees Cable or braid to rod KC Servit post

FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING CONNECTOR CATEGORIES FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING Lower cost clamps GC-A Duel rated pipe clamps

GROUND RODS / REBAR CONNECTOR CATEGORIES GRC GK GP GAR Ground Rod Clamp GAR Three cable parallel Two cable perpendicular Cable to rod

STATIC GROUND CONNECTOR CATEGORIES GIE GRF GP-G1 Vehicle or temporary ground Raised flooring Raised flooring

CABLE & BRAID CONNECTOR CATEGORIES Braid GG GX KA Spans movable areas Cable or braid to rod GX KA Cross connection Tap to run

TRANSFORMER RAIL & BEAM CONNECTOR CATEGORIES KC QGFL J&RGC GA-H Servit post Eye in basket J&RGC GA-H Cable to H beam or tube

HIGHLIGHTS: SPLIT BOLTS KS25 AVAILABLE FROM #2 TO 500 kcmil UL Listed for direct burial

HIGHLIGHTS: Parts of a Split Bolt

HIGHLIGHTS: Dual Rated Split Bolts Used for any combination of copper and aluminum conductors.

JOINING COPPER AND ALUMINUM

RAISED FOOR GROUNDING RAISED FLOOR GROUND GRIDS

GRF CLAMP ON RAISED FLOOR Can be used on round or square pedestals Accommodates one or two grounding wires

GP-G1 / GP-RT FOR RAISED FLOOR Epoxy paint penetrating Can be used on round or square pedestals Accommodates one or two grounding wires

QUESTION: ANSWER: WHEN IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR NOT ACCEPTABLE? When a permanent connection is called out, or When connection is exposed to severe conditions such as extreme vibration

MECHANICAL QUESTIONS?

BURNDYWELD

BURNDYWELD USES AN EXOTHERMIC PROCESS TO JOIN COPPER PROVIDES A SOLID COPPER IRREVERSIBLE BOND WILL NOT LOOSEN OR CORRODE AT THE WELD

EXOTHERMIC PROCESS The exothermic process is a simple, efficient method of welding copper to copper or copper to steel. This process uses a high temperature reaction of powdered copper oxide and aluminum. Reaction takes place in a graphite mold. Mold will last for 50 or more welds with proper care. This system is very field friendly, since it is light and portable and requires no outside power.

THE SEQUENCE OF STEPS Open mold using handle clamp, and insert the conductors as desired Insert steel disc into the mold cavity Pour powdered metal into the mold cavity Close the lid Tap powder container to add the starting powder to ignition pocket Use flint device to ignite Brush and remove mold MOLD

SIX STEPS FOR A PERFECT BURNDYWELD 2. 1. 3. 4. 6. 5.

OVER 57 DIFFERENT MOLDS CABLE TO CABLE WELD TO REBAR

MOUNT TO FLAT OR ROUND SURFACE MOLDS MOUNT TO FLAT OR ROUND SURFACE

SINGLE SHOTS PROVIDES THE SAME WELD RESULT IN A COST EFFECTIVE, ONE TIME USE PACKAGE

WELD QUALITY What do you look for?

WELD QUALITY Many factors contribute to the weld success

HOW DO YOU TEST THE INTEGRITY OF A WELD IN THE FIELD? WELD INSPECTION HOW DO YOU TEST THE INTEGRITY OF A WELD IN THE FIELD?

COMMON PROBLEMS WITH EXOTHERMIC WELDING Moisture Worn molds Unclean conductors Unclean mold Mistakes made in welding process

ANY QUESTIONS ON BURNDYWELD?

COMPRESSION

COMPRESSION THEORY CREATION OF A HOMOGENEOUS MASS

HY-GROUND SYSTEM

COMPRESSION Range Taking Permanent Safe to install Quick and Easy BURNDY HAS DEVELOPED AN IRREVERSIBLE COMPRESSION GROUND SYSTEM WHICH MEETS THE STRINGENT SAFETY AND PREFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS UL AND IEEE. CONNECTORS EMPLOY WELL PROVEN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY THAT HAVE BEEN IN EXISTENCE FOR OVER 60 YEARS.

COMMON APPLICATIONS Where HY-GROUND is used

GRID LAY OUT

COMPONENTS OF HY-GROUND WHAT’S NEEDED Proper Connector Correct Crimping Tool Specified Die

CONNECTORS IRREVERSIBLE CONNECTION RATED FOR DIRECT BURIAL MANY COMPONENTS AVAILABLE

MEETS REQUIREMENTS UNDERWRITERS LAB TESTS NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE IEEE 837 REQUIREMENTS UL96 LISTED FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION CANADA STANDARDS ASSOCIATION APPROVED FOR DIRECT BURIAL

UL LISTINGS Rigorous testing in the Burndy UL facilities ensures all product exceed standards.

SUPERIOR CONNECTION PRE-FILLED WITH PENETROX OXIDE-INHIBITOR

PENETROX E FILLED Air Gaps SHOWS VERY FEW CONTACT POINTS Penetrox Fills The Gaps For Better Contact

EASY TO INSPECT DIE INDEX EMBOSSMENT. U-997 DIE INDEX EMBOSSMENT. Match embossed number to the number listed the on connector.

INSTALLS IN ANY ENVIRONMENT Installs In Wet Environments

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND YGLR-C Ground rod to grid YGHC-C Figure C YGL-C Cross connection YGHP-C Figure 6

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND YGHP-C Ground rod or tap Wire third hand H-Tap Splice or tap YGHR-C Figure 8 YGIB Crimp to structure

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND YGHS HGS Splice- heavy duty / standard YGF Grounding plate YGHA Hylug GSTUD-HY Versitail weld on

FINDING THE PROPER CONNECTOR YGHC-C

FINDING THE PROPER CONNECTOR

HY-GROUND CRIMPING TOOLS Y750HS PAT750XP 18V PATRIOT 18VOLT Y46 HY-PRESS REMOTE HEAD

FINDING THE PROPER DIE C U-C O U-O Installation Data Listed in Catalog INDEX NUMBER Y750/Y35 Y39 HYPRESS 1 Y45 2 Y46 OF CRIMPS C U-C O U-O Installation Data Listed in Catalog

ANY QUESTIONS ON COMPRESSION?

WHERE DO YOU USE THE THREE TYPES OF GROUNDING PRODUCTS? MECHANICAL COMPRESSION EXOTHERMIC (weld)

CONNECTION APPLICATIONS TEL-COM TOWER

CONNECTION APPLICATIONS CENTRAL OFFICE SITE

ALWAYS KNOW THE SIZE AND TYPE OF WIRE YOU ARE CRIMPING DIFFERENT WIRE TYPES ALWAYS KNOW THE SIZE AND TYPE OF WIRE YOU ARE CRIMPING

WIRE GAGE KEEP A WIRE MIKE HANDY FOR WIRE IDENTIFICATION

USE PENETROX-E OXIDE INHIBITOR ON COPPER CONNECTIONS AVOID CORROSION USE PENETROX-E OXIDE INHIBITOR ON COPPER CONNECTIONS

THANKS FOR CONSIDERING BURNDY PRODUCTS PLEASE CONTACT US IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR PRODUCT NEEDS. TECHNICAL SERVICE (800) 451-4956 NEVER LET LIFE BE A SHOCK TO YOU!