Jens Rolfsen Store og små ulykker Indikatorer for styring av sikkerhet.

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Jens Rolfsen Store og små ulykker Indikatorer for styring av sikkerhet

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker Luftfart og Deepwater Horizon 2

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 3 Storulykkesrisiko Arbeidsulykkesrisiko Hovedkarakteristika: Multi-lineær hendelseskjede Kompleks årsakssammenheng Potensielle katastrofale konsekvenser Potensial for spredning/eskalering Hovedkarakteristika : Lineær hendelseskjede Enklere årsakssammenheng Vanligvis begrensede konsekvenser

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 4

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 5

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 6 Tenkning om storulykkerisiko i luftfart

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 7 Et systemperspektiv for sikkerhetsarbeidet

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 8 The Reason Model: The Organisational Accident Management Decisions and Organisational processes Error producing conditions Violation producing conditions Errors Violations Organisational factors Individual/ Team Actions Task/Environmental Conditions Defence Barriers Accident or major Incident

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 9

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 10 Paradoks

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker DuPont (2005) Oil & Gas Pipelines Elec. Pwr. Gen. Chemicals Pulp & Paper Mfg Construction Aerospace Mfg Textile Mills Wood Products Food Manufacturing Sched. Commercial Air Total Recordable Injuries (TRI) And Lost Workday Cases (LWC) Per 100 Employees* All Industry Averages LWC 1.4 TRI * U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2004 Data Arbeidsulykkerisiko i luftfart

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker Flight Crew Freight Heavy Maintenance Line Maintenance Customer Service Ground Svcs Equip. Flight Attendants Ramp Recordable Injuries/Illnesses US Fatalities Arbeidsulykkerisiko i luftfart

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker Bakkehendelser  ulykker og hendelser på ramp hvert år  personskader hvert år – omlag 9 pr 1000 avganger “IATA attributes the problem to "minimal oversight" of ground service providers in the selection and licensing process, in systems implementation, training and development, and in auditing, reporting and compliance procedures” 13

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker Kostnader  Flight Safety Foundation: Dobbelt så høyere kostnader som antatt – nær 10 milliarder dollar hvert år 14 “The reason, says the FSF’s Ground Accident Prevention (GAP) programme analyst, Dr Earl Weener, is that personal injury costs had been “right off the radar” for the airlines, but have now been estimated for the first time at $4.4 billion in addition to the $5 billion cost of aircraft damage repair, downtime and delay”

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker Luftfart og Deepwater Horizon 15

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker Styring av sikkerhet 16 Safety acceptable level hazard identificationrisk management (ICAO, DOC 9859) Safety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management (ICAO, DOC 9859)

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 17 Etabler indikatorer  For individulykker  For storulykker

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 18 Leading indicators / lagging indicators  Leading indicators: - Active monitoring: provides feedback on performance before an accident or incident - Check that key actions or activities are undertaken as intended  Lagging indicators: - Reactive monitoring: reporting and investigation of specific incidents - Show when a desired safety outcome has failed, or has not been achieved Hentet fra Developing process safety indicators. Tilgjengeiig fra:

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 19 Typiske indikatorer  Oppfølging av sykefravær / skader / h-verdi  Revisjoner  Risikoanalyser  Analyse av driftsdata  Observasjoner av normal drift - FDM / FOQA - LOSA / NOSS  Vedlikeholdsdata  Hendelsesregistrering - Antall hendelser; flyoperativt, ground, maintenance  Hendelsesgranskning  Sikkerhetskulturkartlegging  Arbeidsmiljøkartlegginger

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker Bakkeskader og flight safety 21 Monday 26/ Alaska Airlines Flight 536 was 20 minutes out of Seattle and heading for Burbank, Calif., Monday afternoon when a thunderous blast rocked the plane. An investigator with the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) said baggage handlers had bumped the plane's fuselage with loading equipment and caused "a crease" in the side of the aircraft

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 22 Finn de riktige tiltakene Do you want the green pill or the red pill? The wrong mitigating actions can potentially make things worse

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. Store og små ulykker 23 Safeguarding life, property and the environment