INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna Technology Introduction

late ’70, early ‘80: starting... entusiastic astronomers & fans of PSF + 1965 1985 Loiano telescopes + active users of ESO + HST since their onset 1st key aspect: school of observational astronomy & data analysis Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 2nd key aspect: growing exigency of actively contributing in developping & optimizing observational strategies & analysis procedures for maximizing the scientific output modern instrument = hardware + software + science 3rd key aspect: computer center: astronomers fond of software & software engineers fond of astronomy Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

projects ESO-VIRMOS: DRS, RTD, GTO ESO-FLAMES: templates, GTO 2ndfloor astronomers + Bregoli,Lolli,Merighi,Montegriffo 1stfloor astronomers + Rossetti,Merighi ESO-MAD: WFS LBT: LBC+LINC-NIRVANA+IRTC ELT-MCAO Diolaiti,Lombini, Schreiber(Student) Diolaiti’s talk Origlia’s talk TNG-GIANO Pancino’s talk GAIA 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 other actvities: TNG & ESO site testing/monitoring ( Zitelli, Lombardi (PhD) ) Treatment of astronomical mirrors: experiment for LBT ( Zitelli, Ciattaglia, Mezzini ) L3CCD: photon counting camera for WFS ( Bregoli,Ciattaglia, Innocenti, in collaboration with Cosentino & Foppiani – UniBo ) TNG: NICS software upgrading ( Rossetti, Guido (PhD) ) Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 astronomical software development: software for computing numerical PSF STARFINDER ( Diolaiti ) software for cross-correlation & astrometry of catalogs CATAPACK: CataXcorr+CataComb ( Montegriffo ) software for variable star analysis: GRATIS+VARFIND+VARCAT+ATMOS ( Montegriffo ) software for spectral & chemical abundance analysis DAOSPEC + ABOMAN ( Pancino, Rossetti ) Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

near infrared (0.9-2.5 mm) spectrometer a high and low resolution near infrared (0.9-2.5 mm) spectrometer for the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) http://www.bo.astro.it/giano PI: L. Origlia (INAF-Bologna) PM: E. Oliva (INAF-FGG) dedicated to Sandro Gennari Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 why GIANO ? 2nd generation of TNG instruments according to the prescription of the Gruppo Istruttorio per il TNG NICS 2 UV-optimized spectrograph high resolution IR spectrograph call for proposal: deadline November 2002 project discussion: March 2003 GIANO approved for phase A: July 2003 Preliminary Design Review: November 2003 Final Design Review: December 2004 Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

main optics in double pass instrument concept basic requirements / constraints: high resolution, wide spectral coverage, high trhoughput, high stability main optics in double pass TMA as collimator & camera minimize off-axis angles, thus optimizing the grating efficiency allow for large collimated beams (i.e. high res) in reduced space prisms as cross dispersers maximize efficiency & spectral coverage Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 the 1st face of GIANO: HR mode uses the echelle grating for dispersing & prisms for cross-dispersing Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 the 2nd face of GIANO: LR mode inserts a flat mirror and uses only the prisms for dispersing Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 echelle infrasil ZnSe Hawaii2 - 2k x 2k Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 the cryostat the betank Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Fundacion Galileo Galilei integration at the telescope INOA, Firenze Bologna supervision & management scientific coordination software, WEB page Lolli, Montegriffo, Origlia (PI), Rossetti Fundacion Galileo Galilei management & procurement integration at the telescope Ghinassi,Gonzalez,Lodi,Oliva(PM) Catania pre-slit optics polarimetric unit Bruno,Leone,Scuderi people & tasks Arcetri optics, mechanics, cryogenics electronics & controls Baffa, Biliotti, Del Vecchio, Donati, Gennari, Giani, Falcini, Maiolino, Mannucci, Marcucci, Mochi, Sozzi INOA, Firenze absorption cell D’Amato Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 HR mode full coverage up to 1.7 mm 70% complete at 2.5 mm high efficiency, ~20% all incl. 0.95 mm 1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.4 mm all sources in 2MASS Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 0.8 – 2.5 um complete spectrum high efficiency, ~30% all inc. all sources in UKIDSS Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 the gas cell Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007 science drivers rocky planets SF regions SBs cool stars AGNs high-z DLAs high resolution minor bodies BDs EROS low resolution high-z SBs & QSOs Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

GIANO as a prototype for VLT ELT high res IR spectrographs future... Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007