Nutrient Management Planning Alan Sutton Department of Animal Sciences

1998 EPA Section 303(d) List Top 15 Causes of Water Quality Impairment

Nutrient Management: What is it? Managing the amount, source, placement, form and timing of application of nutrients and soil amendments Budget and supply nutrients for crop production Properly utilize commercial fertilizers, animal manures and other materials as crop nutrient resources and soil amendments Minimize nutrient losses from fields to protect surface and ground water resources

Nutrient Management Plan Components (CNMPs) Site, field and soil maps Identify sensitive areas Crop rotation Crop nutrient budget Realistic yield goals Records are best Appropriate fertilizer recommendations Land grant universities Quantification of all nutrient resources Commercial fertilizers Manures Planned nutrient applications Time, rate and method Implementation, operation and regular maintenance plan Regular reviews

Problem Areas Over application of manure Excessive nutrients in rations Variable nutrient contents of manure Insufficient storage capacity Applications -- not uniform Applications -- Do you know how much is applied? Conflicting regulations

Problem Areas Different soil testing methods Use of the Phosphorus Index Use of other soils evaluation procedures Nutrient availability (mineralization) rates Pathogen concerns???

Livestock and Poultry Operations “Whole Farm” Nutrient Balances for Livestock and Poultry Operations

Whole Farm Nutrient Balance on Livestock and Poultry Operations Balance the input nutrients from feed, fertilizer, recycled manure and other sources with animal and plant nutrient needs for efficient crop, meat, egg and milk production

Whole Farm Nutrient Balance Gas Emissions Inputs Feed Animals Irrigation Water Fertilizer Legume N Managed Outputs - Meat - Crops -Manure Crops Manure Farm Boundary Nutrient Imbalance (inputs - managed outputs)

Correcting Whole Farm Nutrient Balance Reduce feed nutrient imports Reduce fertilizer imports Export manure from farm Treat manure to reduce nutrients

Nutrient ratios in manure generally do not meet crop nutrient requirements.

Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements Example Pork Operation 4,000 head grow-finisher 2.6 turns per year 120 day feeding period Requirement based diet (based on ASABE 384.2; NRC, 1998) Average CP = 15.8% Average P = 0.437% Average feed intake = 2.35 kg/d (5.18 lb/d) Average daily gain = 0.84 kg/d (1.85 lb/d)

Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements Scenarios Compare diets with combinations of different crude protein levels (15.77%; 13.1%; 11.6%) and total P levels (.437%; .369%; .30%) Assumed a 30% N loss during storage in a slurry system Assumed that the availability of N in the slurry at 80% for the crop at the time of application

Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements Reducing the crude protein of the diet: 15.8% to 13.1% reduced N excretion 25% 15.8% to 11.6% reduced N excretion 40% (assume use of synthetic amino acids) Reducing the total P of the diet: 0.437% to 0.369% reduced P excretion 25% 0.437% to 0.30% reduced P excretion 50% (assume use of phytase and low phytate corn) Increasing total P 20% over requirement increases P excretion 24.4%

Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements (as applied) Avail. Nutr. Applied Ratio CP, % P, % N, lb/yr P2O5, lb/yr N:P2O5 15.8 0.437 60,780 37,922 1.6:1(1.2:1) 0.369 28,359 2.1:1(1.6:1) 0.300 18,654 3.3:1(2.2:1) 13.1 45,314 1.2:1(0.9:1) 2.4:1(1.7:1) 11.6 36,326 0.96:1(0.7:1) 1.3:1(0.97:1) 2.0:1(1.3:1) Assume 30% storage N loss and 80% total available N at application (commercial diet with 20% above NRC requirement for P)

Nitrogen and Phosphorus requirements by crops Yield potential, bu/ac N, lb/ac P2O5, Ratio N:P2O5 Corn 176 183 65 2.8:1 143 139 53 2.6:1 115 101 43 2.3:1 Soybean 57 (220) 46 (4.8:1) (180) 37 (4.9:1) (140) 30 (4.6:1)

Nitrogen and Phosphorus requirements of Corn-Soybean 2-year rotation Yield potential N, lb/ac P2O5, Ratio N:P2O5 High 183 111 1.6:1 Medium 139 90 1.5:1 Low 101 73 1.4:1

Land Application Area Required (high yield) Diet Application Acres CP, % P, % N-basis P-basis Corn-Soybean 15.8 0.437 332 583 341 0.369 436 255 0.300 302 168 13.1 248 11.6 198 Assume 30% storage N loss and 80% total available N at application (NRC requirements)

Land Application Area Required (high yield) Diet Application Acres CP, % P, % N-basis P-basis Corn-Soybean 15.8 0.546 332 771 451 0.461 578 339 0.375 417 244 13.1 248 11.6 198 Assume 30% storage N loss and 80% total available N at application (commercial diet with 20% above NRC requirement)

EPA CAFO Rule Revision Duty to apply for those who discharge or intend to discharge NMP open for public comment and included in the permit New large swine, poultry and veal have a zero discharge requirement Production area runoff must be stored unless prove reduction in pollutants Best Current Technology for pathogen control (fecal coliforms)

Software Websites Spatial Nutrient Management Planner http://www.cares.missouri.edu/snmp Manure Management Planner http://www.agry.purdue.edu/mmp

Questions ???