Imp #4: Mobilizing for War

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Imp #4: Mobilizing for War What were the 2 reasons that the U.S. entered WW1?

“War to End All Wars” Wilson elected on promise, “He keeps us out of war” BUT: Sinking of the Lusitania (boat) by German u-boat, Americans die Zimmerman Note: Ger offer Mexico US land if help in war Bring US into WW1: April 1917 – 2 ½ years after it starts

Wilson wants to “make the world safe for democracy” 14 Points: (1918) End secret treaties Freedom of the seas Allow people to choose their own countries: self-determination League of Nations

Raising an Army Selective Service Act: men must register with gov in order to be chosen for the draft / conscription (required military service) 300,000 men enlist / 2 million were drafted 13,000 Women enlist (join willingly) – nurses & secretaries

Propaganda Committee on Public Information Convince Americans to participate in war effort

War Bonds Gov needs $$$ to fight war So, ask people to buy bonds: loan to gov, money paid back with interest

B C 3 Make sure you know what the Food Administration is – from your homework!

War Production War Industries Board: Gov agency controlled economy: Forced conservation (use less) of resources to use for war Could only make 5 colors for typewriter ribbons – instead of 150 before the war

“Labor will win the war” “Work or fight” – strikers could be drafted b/c of massive increase in production: Wages went up Prices went up (inflation) too b/c limited supply Needed all the workers they could get!

Great Migration (1915-1970) Migrated b/c Jobs in north Many African Americans will migrate (move) from South to North Migrated b/c Jobs in north Fleeing segregation & Jim Crow laws in South 100 pounds of cotton a day

Women Gained access to new jobs Joined military Will give final push to get suffrage

Espionage & Sedition Acts Prohibited (made illegal) saying anything “disloyal or abusive” about the gov or war effort – including the flag or conscription Punishment: fine of up to $10,000 (around $125,000 today) and up to 20 years in jail

Armistice (stop fighting) 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918 – WW1 ends, Allies win Veteran’s Day

U.S. vs Schenck (1919) Supreme Court decides: Schenck’s words are a threat to the war effort and thus the gov. It’s like “yelling FIRE in a crowded movie theater” = “a clear and present danger” THUS, he loses & gov wins

How does WW1 change America? Who benefited? Who suffered?

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