CHAPTER 6 LIGHTING

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Explore the Properties of light; Understand the Traditions and Options for creative Lighting Design; Survey Equipment used to Supply and Control light; Achieve a Foundation to Translate your concepts to screen through Lighting design.

ELEMENTS OF LIGHTING Amount Footcandle Lux (10.75 lux in one footcandle) Inverse square rule Direction “Throw” of the light Quality Incident light Diffused light Color

LIGHTING INSTRUMENTS

MODELING LIGHT Three-Point Lighting Key light Fill light Back light

MODELING LIGHT Four-Point Lighting Background light

LIGHTING DESIGN Base illumination Available light Motivating light Practical lights Spill Eye light Kicker light Contrast ratios

COLOR Visible light Starts at 700 nanometers and ends at 400 nanometers Color affects mood

COLOR COLOR THEORY Subtractive color Primary colors: Yellow, Cyan, and Magenta Additive color Primary colors in light: Blue, Red, and Green

COLOR COMPLEMENTARY COLORS Yellow for Blue Cyan for Red Magenta for Green

COLOR COLOR TEMPERATURE

COLOR Mixed Lighting Filter the windows with orange gel Filter the artificial lights with blue gel Use HMI lights, which are balanced to match daylight

LIGHT METERS Reflected light meters Incident light meter Light meters need to know… Camera shutter speed Exposure index (EI) Amount of light

EXTERNAL MONITORS Field monitor Waveform monitor Vectorscope

FILTERS Lighting Filters Camera Filters Postproduction Filtering Diffusion filters Color correction filters Special effects color filter Camera Filters Ultraviolet filter (UV) Neutral density filter Polarizing filter Special effects filters Graduated filters Postproduction Filtering

LIGHTING ACCESSORIES Scrims Dots Cucoloris Umbrellas Reflector boards and bounce cards Grip stands Gator grips Gaffer tape

POWER AND SAFETY A/C current 15 Amp circuit running 120 volts can power about 1,440 watts Generators Batteries Secure cables Keep light stands and production gear out of traffic

THE LIGHTING TEAM Director of photography Gaffer Best boy Grips

EXTERIOR LIGHTING Reflectors and bounce cards Magic hour

CREATIVE APPROACHES High-key lighting Low-key lighting Pools of light Shafts of light

SAMPLE EXERCISES Try a Three-Point lighting set-up and record the design on Videotape. Add a background light to expand the experiment to a four-point lighting scheme. Light a human subject Three Different Ways. For each of the three set-ups try to achieve a feeling that matches the artistic styles of Realism, Expressionism and Impressionism. Spend a day shooting test footage of an Outdoor Environment. Document how the light changes Throughout the day. Copyright 2008 Taylor and Francis