Lamotrigine Is Not Slow James Phelps, MD Director Mood Disorders Program Samaritan Mental Health, Corvallis, OR.

How Slow Is Lamotrigine? Change from baseline to each treatment visit in Mean MADRS Total Score (with 95% confidence interval bars) But again, then how slow is lamotrigine? Like you see that patient who has severe depression and you want this to work fast. How slow is lamotrigine? It has the reputation for being because of its long titration, six to eight weeks depending on how you do it. So it has a reputation for being slow. I’ve heard people say: “Well, we don’t use lamotrigine on our inpatient psychiatric unit because it’s too slow” which strikes me as rather ironic because wait a minute, don’t you start antidepressants on your inpatient psychiatric unit? Well, we all expect that a full trial of an antidepressant to rule whether it’s effective or not can take six or some people would even say eight weeks. So if it makes sense to start an antidepressant on an inpatient unit, it really makes sense to start lamotrigine on an inpatient unit. Nevertheless, it does have this reputation for being slow. In fact, people go on to use something that they think is faster like quetiapine say or even lithium. ---  So the irony is that lamotrigine is not so slow to produce a benefit. So there was a randomized trial in which it went head to head with olanzapine/fluoxetine combination. The study was sponsored by Eli Lilly who make olanzapine/fluoxetine combination. So you would expect that maybe they would kind of stack the deck against lamotrigine and they did in a number of interesting ways. Olanzapine/fluoxetine got to start faster. Lamotrigine had to do with its usual titration. ----  But interestingly, even though lamotrigine was always less effective than the olanzapine/fluoxetine combination, it was never as good but it was just as fast as the combination. In other words, the curve of improvement is not quite superimposed on that of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination. It’s parallel to it from the very beginning. So instead of waiting and waiting and waiting and then finally it kicks in, no. The benefits were paralleling the improvement on olanzapine/fluoxetine combination just not quite as good.   So it’s not that slow at least based on that study. So I think it makes sense to start lamotrigine where you would think of starting an antidepressant. It’s not that slow. Less effective Brown, E. B., McElroy, S. L., Keck Jr, P. E., Deldar, A., Adams, D. H., Tohen, M., & Williamson, D. J. (2006). A 7-week, randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination versus lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar I depression. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 67(7), 1025-1033. 

If not immediately dangerous Consider lamotrigine Bipolar depression ECT Now, in severe bipolar depression, if a patient’s life is at stake and using a treatment with robust evidence for efficacy instead of lamotrigine would make sense like electroconvulsive therapy/ECT for example or maybe quetiapine which can be quite fast, maybe even olanzapine/fluoxetine combination because the evidence for efficacy for those agents is better. And patients in the middle of the mood spectrum can have depressions that are this severe. But patients in that middle of the spectrum, they likely had these depressions many times before and they face the prospect of having them again unless a treatment is found that will prevent recurrences, in other words, a maintenance agent. --- So unless the depression is immediately dangerous, to me, it does not make sense to hurry toward a treatment with significant side effects like memory impairment with ECT or metabolic risks with quetiapine or olanzapine and skip over in the process a treatment with few side effects and no established long-term risks. Most patients in my practice prefer to work their way through options starting with those that if they work will be the most tolerable in the long run even if the likelihood of response is lower. If lamotrigine doesn’t work in six weeks when you’ve reached at least 100 mg, okay, then move on. Quetiapine Robust evidence OFC If not immediately dangerous Consider lamotrigine Phelps, J. R. (2016). A spectrum approach to mood disorders: not fully bipolar but not unipolar: practical management. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Key Points Lamotrigine is not much slower than antidepressants to produce benefits To summarize, key points here. Lamotrigine is not much slower than antidepressants. But if the patient has dangerous severe symptoms, use something that’s likely to be faster like ECT or olanzapine/fluoxetine combination even though I think lamotrigine is not far behind on that one. And otherwise, patients, again, they tend to choose based on tolerability not speed. If the patient has dangerously severe symptoms, other treatmetns like ECT and olanzapine are much faster Patients tend to choose medication based on tolerability, not speed

Next Presentation: Clinically Relevant Drug-Drug Interactions