The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN University of the Philippines

improvement in the quality of education increases in the quantity of graduates and other outputs efficiency in the way universities are managed graduates with a global outlook Globalization has demanded from universities the following: The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN

curricular programs more responsive to national needs use of teaching materials that have local or national flavor use of national language focus teaching on promoting nationalist ideals Higher Education FROM nationalization (inward looking) The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN

TO internationalization international higher educations role in augmenting national capacity with focus on a countrys development as it relates with other countries FROM nationalization (outward looking) The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN Higher Education

International Strategies cross-border education internationalizing curriculum The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN

Reasons/Drivers of Cross-Border Education 1.Increasing demand for quality higher education 2.Inadequate opportunities for higher education in the home country 3.Increasing support and initiatives for studies abroad national governments foreign governments international providers private sector 4.Increasing interest in international, regional, country studies programs Cross-Border Education The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN

The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN Forms of Cross-Border Education 1.student mobility 2.program or institution mobility 3.professor mobility Cross-Border Education

Trends*: 1.Bright students from developing countries cross over to study in the worlds best universities. SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN Students cross borders to receive foreign education. Student Mobility

Trends*: 2. China and India are biggest exporters of students. SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services Student Mobility The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN

pg Trends*: 3. US, Great Britain, France, Germany and Australia are favorite destinations. SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services Student Mobility The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN

Trends*: 4. In Asia, Japan is most popular destination. SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services Student Mobility The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN

Trends*: 5. Choice of country and university influenced by: - perceived quality and reputation of university/education system - geography - historical connections to particular countries - language - affordability - accessibility - possibility of subsequent migration SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services Student Mobility The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN

Types*: Franchising agreement Twinning arrangement Distance learning/online education Branch campuses SOURCE: Simon Marginson and Grant McBurnie, Cross-border Post-Secondary Education in the Asia Pacific Region Program/Institution Mobility The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN Program or institution crosses borders.

- usually part of academic exchange programs - professors handle courses with international dimensions Professor Mobility The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN Professors cross borders.

- International relations - International business - International finance - Chinese studies - Japan studies - European studies - Asian studies Internationalizing the Curriculum The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN Offering courses with international dimension

. 1.Preference is the Filipino students. 2.Hiring policy prioritize Filipino nationals. The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN Constraints of a State/Public University The Case of the University of the Philippines

The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN No. of international students in No. of international faculty last 3 years No. of international conferences organized in last 3 years No. of faculty sent abroad to read papers in international conferences funded by UP in the last 3 years No. of academic cooperation agreements UP is member of several international networks : 1000 : 341 : 260 : 1709 : 200

Internationalization of Higher Education The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN Who benefits?

Gains from Internationalization of Higher Education The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN 1.Capacity building 2.Mutual understanding 3.Global citizenship GlobalForum_50_150dpi.jpg Education_Vol2.jpg

ss.com/2008/05/brain_drain.jpg y_strategies/images/2007/06/01/b rain_drain.jpg Problems with Internationalization The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN 1.Brain drain - attraction of higher paying jobs, better working conditions and comfortable lifestyles in developed countries have discouraged students from returning home - some developed countries are unable to produce their own human resource requirements and compete for foreign professionals - some developing countries are unable to recoup their investment in their scholars.

2.International education responds more to market forces than to requisites for nation- building - Skeptics argue that the ascendance of a market ideology has weakened the concept of country and of nationalism 3.Migration from public sector to private sector - BUT, a booming private sector can augment national development efforts. The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN Problems with Internationalization

The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN In the knowledge-based economy, knowledge workers and professionals are the most sought after and the most important competitive advantage that a country can have.

Challenge is for countries to translate this competitive advantage into opportunities that will benefit the country. Philippines – Balik Scientist Program India – Technoparks have attracted their engineers and scientists back home Taiwan – overseas Chinese invest in Taiwan, some come home to become successful entrepreneurs The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN

Challenge is to convert brain drain into brain circulation so that there is net brain gain to the country. The Internationalization of Higher Education EMERLINDA R. ROMAN