Financial Control Measures

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Financial Control Measures
Presentation transcript:

Financial Control Measures

Financial Control Measures Concept Objectives Process Tools Exercise वित्तिय नियन्त्रणका अवधारणा, त्यस अघि वित्तिय व्यबस्थापनको बिषयमा सामान्य जानकारी राख्छौं । PFM र Financial Control का उदेश्यहरू प्रकृया Process औजारहरू Tools यसको प्रयोगको बारेमा केहि सामुह कार्य गर्नेछौं ।

Concept of Public Financial Management (PFM) PFM in general incorporates the management of government revenue, budget, expenditure, deposit, debt, reimbursement, procurement and other important aspects of financial management such as accounting, recording and reporting. It also includes internal control, final audit and external scrutiny of the financial transactions. वित्तिय नियन्त्रणका मापनहरू Financial Control Measures यस अघि वित्तको बिषयमा केहि धारणा बनाउँ, What is PFM ? सरकारको बजेट, राजश्व, खर्च, ऋण, लगानी, सोधभर्ना, खरिद व्यवस्था र अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पक्षहरु जस्तैः लेखांकन, अभिलेखीकरण, वित्तीय प्रतिवेदन प्रणाली नै सार्वजनिक वित्तीय व्यवस्थापन हो । यस भित्र आन्तरिक नियन्त्रण, आन्तरिक लेखा परीक्षण तथा बाह्य लेखापरिक्षण समेत समावेश हुन्छ ।

Strategic Allocation of Resources Effective Service Delivery Objective of PFM Fiscal Discipline Strategic Allocation of Resources Effective Service Delivery समष्टिगत आर्थिक स्थायित्व प्रदान गर्न, (Fiscal Discipline) श्रोत साधनको रणनीतिक उपयोग गर्न, (Strategic Allocation of Resources) प्रभावकारि सेवा प्रवाह, (Effective Service Delivery) सरकारको उद्देश्य र प्राथमिकता अनुरुप वजेट तर्जुमा र कार्यान्वयन गरी उद्देश्य प्राप्तिमा योगदान पुर्याउन र साधनको उचित व्यवस्थापन द्वारा सेवा प्रवाहमा प्रभावकारिता र मुद्राको उपयोगिता सुनिश्चित गर्न यी क्रियाकलापहरु को प्रभावकारी व्यवस्थापन जरुरी हुन्छ ।

Concept of Financial controls Financial control is concerned with tracking and reporting on allocation, disbursement, and utilization of financial resources, using the tools of budgeting, accounting and auditing. Financial controls are the means by which an organization’s resources are directed, monitored, and measured. वित्तिय नियन्त्रणको अबधारणा, वित्तीय व्यबस्थापनका आयामहरू हरू जस्तै ; श्रोतको परिचालन, निकासा, खर्च सोधभर्ना लगायत आर्थिक श्रोत परिचालनको कृयाकलापहरूको पछ्याई (Tracking) र प्रतिवेदन (Reporting) संग सम्बन्धित छ ।

Objectives Financial controls are the means by which an organization’s resources are directed, monitored, and measured Optimum usages of financial resources Value for money is achieved There exists effective accountability measure Financial transactions and events are made transparent वित्तिय ब्यबस्थापनका उदेश्यहरू पुरा गर्ने प्रयोजन नै वित्तीय नियन्त्रणका निहित उदेश्य रहन्छ । वित्तिय श्रोत साधनको उच्चतम उपयोग, मुद्राको उपयोगिता सुनिश्चित गर्न, उत्तरदायित्वको प्रभावकारि मापनको व्यबस्था मौजुदा रहनु आर्थिक कारोवारको पारदर्शिता

Objectives Make sure the continued reliability of accounting systems Confirming the accuracy of reporting Ensure to reduces financial risk to the organization. लेखा प्रणाली भरपर्दो र विश्वसनीयता वित्तिय जोखिम न्यूनीकरणको सुनिश्चितता सार्वजनिक वित्तीय व्यवस्थापन प्रणालीले सार्वजनिक खर्चमा रहेका वित्तीय जोखिम (Fiduciary Risk) न्यूनीकरण गर्न महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्दछ । जोखिम न्यूनीकरणका लागि वित्तीय व्यवस्थापनका पक्षहरुलाई बुझनु पर्दछ । यी पक्षहरुमा हुने प्रक्रियाको जानकारी राख्ने र कार्यन्वयन गर्न जरुरी हुन्छ ।

Objectives To achieve entity’s objectives related to operations, reporting, and compliance Objective identified Control Designed Controls in Place Objectives Achieved Operating, Reporting and Compliance Operating बजेटको विश्वसनीयताः (Credibility of the budget) बजेटको व्यापकता र पारदर्शिताः (Comprehensiveness and transparency) नीतिमा आधारित बजेट : (Policy based budgeting) बजेट कार्यान्वयनमा पूर्वानुमान र नियन्त्रण कायम गर्न सकिनेः (Predictability and control in budget execution) Reporting लेखापालन, अभिलेखाङ्कन र प्रतिवेदनः (Accounting, recording and reporting) Compliance लेखापरीक्षण तथा वाह्य निगरानीः (External scrutiny and audit)

Process Establishing Standards Measuring actual performance Comparing performance with standards Corrective action मानकहरू( Standards), कार्यसम्पादन मापन गर्ने (Measuring actual performance), मापनलाई मानकसंग तुलना गर्ने (Comparing performance with standards) र सुधार योजना (Correction action) तयार गर्ने । यसको उदाहरणको रूपमा सार्वजनिक खर्च तथा वित्तीय उत्तरदायित्व (PEFA Indicators) लाई लिन सकिन्छ ।

Thematic Groups and Indicators PEFA :PFM High Level Performance Indicators Performance High Level Indicators Performance Indicators (PI) Thematic Groups and Indicators Score Method A. PFM OUTTURNS I. CREDIBILITY OF THE BUDGET PI-1 Aggregate expenditure outturn compared to original approved budget M1 PI-2 Composition of expenditure outturn compared to original approved budget PI-3 Aggregate revenue outturn compared to original approved budget PI-4 Stock and monitoring of expenditure payment arrears B. KEY CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES II. COMPREHENSIVENESS AND TRANSPARENCY PI-5 Classification of the budget PI-6 Comprehensiveness of information included in budget documentation PI-7 Extent of unreported government operations PI-8 Transparency of inter-governmental fiscal relations M2 PI-9 Oversight of aggregate fiscal risk from other public sector entities PI-10 Public access to key fiscal information C. BUDGET CYCLE III. POLICY- BASED BUDGETING PI-11 Orderliness and participation in the annual budget process PI-12 Multi-year perspective in fiscal planning, expenditure policy and budgeting

C. BUDGET CYCLE Thematic Groups and Indicators Performance High Level Indicators Performance Indicators (PI) 28+3 Thematic Groups and Indicators Score C. BUDGET CYCLE IV. PREDICTABILITY AND CONTROL IN BUDGET EXECUTION PI-13 Transparency of taxpayer obligations and liabilities M2 PI-14 Effectiveness of measures for taxpayer registration and tax assessment PI-15 Effectiveness in collection of tax payments M1 PI-16 Predictability in the availability of funds for commitment of expenditures PI-17 Recording and management of cash balances, debt and guarantees PI-18 Effectiveness of payroll controls PI-19 Competition, value for money and controls in procurement PI-20 Effectiveness of internal controls for non-salary expenditure PI-21 Effectiveness of internal audit V. ACCOUNTING, RECORDING and REPORTING PI-22 Timeliness and regularity of accounts reconciliation PI-23 Availability of information on resources received by service delivery units PI-24 Quality and timeliness of in-year budget reports PI-25 Quality and timeliness of annual financial statements

VI. EXTERNAL SCRUTINY AND AUDIT DONOR PRACTICES Performance High Level Indicators Performance Indicators (PI) 28+3 Thematic Groups and Indicators Score C. BUDGET CYCLE VI. EXTERNAL SCRUTINY AND AUDIT PI-26 Scope, nature and follow-up of external audit M1 PI-27 Legislative scrutiny of the annual budget law PI-28 Legislative scrutiny of external audit reports D. DONOR PRACTICES DONOR PRACTICES PI-29 Predictability of Direct Budget Support PI-30 Financial information provided by donors for budgeting and reporting on project and program aid PI-31 Proportion of aid that is managed by use of national procedures Nepal : Recipient Side: A= 1, B= 3, C+= 8, C= 9, D+= 7, Total = 28 Donor Practice: D = 3

Budget Cycle 6. Evaluation and Policy Review 5. Audit and External Scrutiny Auditor General Public Accounts Committee Parliament 6. Evaluation and Policy Review Outcome Evaluation Annual Review and Policy Updation NPC/NDC 1. Policy and Planning Fiscal Targets 3 years Policy targets Resource Management Expenditure Priorities 4. Accounting,Reporting and Monitoring Monthly and Trimistrial Reports (Expenditures and Outputs) Integrated Financial Reporting Annual Review. 3. Budget Execution Release of the Funds Expenditure Control Program Implementation Revenue/ receipts 2. Budget Preparation and Aproval Revenue and Expenditure Projection Financial Plan Ministerial Allocations Legislative Approval Treasury Operation Cash Management

How Financial Control is being exercised? Policies, Process, Procedures and through top Management Laws, rules and regulations, directives, guidelines etc. Internal checking, internal control and internal audit Through external enquiry and audit External audit Public society engagement

Control in different Level Area (Activities) of control Physical, Human, Information and Financial Resource

Level of control Strategy, Tactical and Operation Stage of types of control Based on time - Feed Forward, Back Forward and Concurrent

Checking that every thing is running the right track Detecting errors and areas for improvement Implement preventive measures Communicate with and motivate employees Take action where required Measure by PETS

Financial Control Through Preventive Preventive controls are design to prevent problems rather than identify them. Use of passwords to gain access to computer application system, Required approval for all purchase orders over a certain rupee threshold. Separation of Duties Access Controls Physical Audits Standardized Documentation Trial Balance Periodic Reconciliations Approval Authority

Auditing Auditing is defined as a systematic and independent examination of data, statement, records, operations and performance of an organization for a specified purpose. (क) लेखा भन्नाले कारोवार भएको व्यहोरा देखिने गरी प्रचलित कानून बमोजिम राखिने अभिलेख,खाता, किताब आदि र कारोवारलाई प्रमाणित गर्ने अन्य कागजात समेतलाई जनाउँछ । (लेखापरीक्षण ऐन २०४८, को दफा २) (ख) परीक्षण भन्नाले लेखाको जाँच र त्यसको आधारमा गरिने मूल्याङ्कन तथा विश्लेषण समेतलाई जनाउँछ । (लेखापरीक्षण ऐन, २०४८ को दफा २ ग)

Auditing Approaches Compliance Audit: Principles, Procedures and prevailing rules and regulation Financial Statement Audit: Financial statement Performance Audit: Economy, Efficiency and Effectiveness

Risk Based Audit Understanding Identifying and evaluating risk Answering to identified risk Concluding on areas of risk

Auditing Process Notification Planning Opening Meeting ( Entry Meeting ) Management Representation Letter –Picture1.jpg Field work (Audit Techniques) : Examination of Record, Inquiry, Inspection, Comparison, Confirmation, Computation, Observation and Physical Examination.

Auditing Process Communication Report Drafting Management Response Closing Meeting (Exit Meeting- Minute must be done/Prepared ) Report Distribution (Preliminary Report /Management Letter), Final Report Follow up Quality Assurance

Auditing and Beruju in Local government स्थानीय तहले आफ्नो आय तथा व्ययको अन्तिम लेखापरीक्षण महालेखा परीक्षकबाट गराउनु पर्नेछ। स्थानीय तहले कानून बमोजिम आफ्नो आय र व्ययको आन्तरिक लेखा परीक्षण गराउनु पर्नेछ। आन्तरिक लेखापरीक्षणले औँल्याएका कैफियत सम्बन्धित अधिकारीले अन्तिम लेखापरीक्षण हुनुभन्दा अगावै सम्परीक्षण गराउनु पर्नेछ। आन्तरिक लेखापरीक्षणको एक प्रति अन्तिम लेखापरीक्षणका लागि खटिने डोर वा महालेखा परीक्षकले तोकेको व्यक्ति वा निकायलाई उपलब्ध गराउनु पर्नेछ।

Auditing and Beruju in Local government नियमानुसार तोकेको निकायबाट लेखापरीक्षण गराउनु पर्ने बेरुजूको अभिलेख राख्नु पर्ने । कार्यविधि नपुर्याइ खर्च गरेको बेरुजूको रकम जिम्मेवार ब्यक्तिबाट असूलउपर हुने । नियमित ढंगले असूलउपर नभए केन्द्रीय तहसिल कार्यालयबाट असूलउपर गराउने ।

बेरुजुः आन्तरिक लेखापरीक्षण (कार्यविधि) निर्देशिका, २०७३ बेरुजु भन्नाले प्रचलित कानून बमोजिम पु¥याउनु पर्ने रित नपु¥याई कारोवार गरेको वा राख्नु पर्ने लेखा नराखेको तथा अनियमित वा बेमुनासिव तरिकाले आर्थिक कारोवार गरेको भनी लेखापरीक्षण गर्दा औल्याएको वा ठह¥याएको कारोबार सम्झनु पर्दछ । (आर्थिक कार्यविधि ऐन, २०५५ को दफा २ द) बेरुजू वर्गीकरण १ असुल गर्नुंपर्नें २ नियमित गर्नुंपर्ने ३ पेश्की

स्थानीय सरकार सञ्चालन ऐन २०७४ लेखापरीक्षण : (दफा ७७) स्थानीय सरकार सञ्चालन ऐन २०७४ लेखापरीक्षण : (दफा ७७) स्थानीय तहले आफ्नो आय तथा व्ययको अन्तिम लेखापरीक्षण महालेखा परीक्षकबाट गराउनु पर्नेछ। स्थानीय तहले कानून बमोजिम आफ्नो आय र व्ययको आन्तरिक लेखा परीक्षण गराउनु पर्नेछ। आन्तरिक लेखापरीक्षणले औँल्याएका कैफियत सम्बन्धित अधिकारीले अन्तिम लेखापरीक्षण हुनुभन्दा अगावै सम्परीक्षण गराउनु पर्नेछ। आन्तरिक लेखापरीक्षणको एक प्रति अन्तिम लेखापरीक्षणका लागि खटिने डोर वा महालेखा परीक्षकले तोकेको व्यक्ति वा निकायलाई उपलब्ध गराउनु पर्नेछ।

समुह कार्य मामिला अध्ययन छलफल प्रस्तुति

जिम्मेवारी र जबाफदेहिता (पचपन्नौँ वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन, २०७४) लेखापरीक्षण र बेरुजू फछ्र्यौट नगराउँदा कुनै कारर्वाही नभएको, सार्वजनिक लेखा समितिको निर्णय कार्यान्वयन तथा अनुगमन नभएको, कार्यक्रम सञ्चालनमा जबाफदेही बनाउन नसकेको, सार्वजनिक खर्च तथा वित्तीय जवाफदेहिता पालना नभएको, कार्यसम्पादन सम्झौता कार्यान्वयन नभएको, बेरुजू उपर कारबाही गरी असुल फछ्र्यौट नगरेको, सम्पत्तिको संरक्षण र उपयोग प्रभावकारी नभएको ।

आन्तरिक नियन्त्रण, कारोबारको यथार्थता (पचपन्नौँ वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन, २०७४ ) नियन्त्रण प्रणाली सबल नभएको, जिम्मेवार व्यक्तिबाट अनुगमन निरीक्षण नभएको, आन्तरिक लेखापरीक्षण विश्वसनीय नभएको, सञ्चितकोषको लेखा र एकल खाता कोषले सबै कारोबार नसमेटेको, नेपाल वित्तीय प्रतिवेदन मान कार्यान्वयन नगरेको, कम्प्युटरमा आधारीत लेखाप्रणाली लागु भैनसकेको, उद्देश्य अनुरुप कोष सञ्चालन नभई ठूलो रकम मौज्दात रहेको ।

बेरुजू बर्गीकरण पचपन्नौँ वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन, २०७४ (रु. लाखमा) बेरुजू बर्गीकरण पचपन्नौँ वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन, २०७४ (रु. लाखमा) वर्गीकरण सरकारी कार्यालय स्थानीय तह समिति तथा अन्य संस्था जम्मा कुल वेरुजूको प्रतिशत जम्मा बेरुजू ९४८१५४ १४२४६० ११४८४ १२०९१०१ १०० असुल गर्नुपर्ने १७२५९४ ७०२४ ७४६१ १८७०७९ १५.४७ नियमित गर्नुपर्ने ३३३५०७ ७४६९५ ७८९८५ ४८७१८७ ४०.२९ अनियमित भएको ७४६९६ ३८९७७ ११३६७३ ९.४० प्रमाण कागजात पेस नभएको २५८७६२ ३५१८८ २९३९५० २४.३१ जिम्मेवारी नसारेको ३ २०९१ २०९४ ०.१७ शोधभर्ना नलिएको ४६ २७२९ २७७५ ०.२३ पेस्की ४४२०५३ ६०७४१ ३२०४१ ५३४८३५ ४४.२४ कर्मचारी पेस्की ४१२३ ९८९ ५११२ ०.४२ मोबिलाइजेसन पेस्की २४५७८६ ० २०.३३ प्रतितपत्र पेस्की ७२७९६ ६.०२ संस्थागत पेस्की ११९३४८ ३१०५२ १५०४०० १२.४४

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