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© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Chemical Formulas Molecular compounds are composed of molecules and almost always contain only nonmetals. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Diatomic Molecules These seven elements occur naturally as molecules containing two atoms: Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Types of Formulas Empirical formulas give the lowest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound. Molecular formulas give the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Formulas Structural formulas show the order in which atoms are bonded. Perspective drawings also show the three-dimensional array of atoms in a compound. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Ions When atoms lose or gain electrons, they become ions. Cations are positive and are formed by elements on the left side of the periodic chart. Anions are negative and are formed by elements on the right side of the periodic chart. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Ionic Bonds Ionic compounds (such as NaCl) are generally formed between metals and nonmetals. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Writing Formulas Because compounds are electrically neutral, one can determine the formula of a compound this way: The charge on the cation becomes the subscript on the anion. The charge on the anion becomes the subscript on the cation. If these subscripts are not in the lowest whole-number ratio, divide them by the greatest common factor. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.