ב

b beth

י

y yodh

ה

h he (pronounced “hey”)

ו

w or v waw / vav

ז

z zayin

שׂ

śin (“s” sound as in “seen”)

ח

ḥet ( pronounced “ch” as in “loch”)

ט

ṭet (a hard, emphatic “t”)

א

ʾaleph (silent, transliterated with an apostrophe)

פ

p pe (pronounced, “pay”)

כ

k kaph

ל

l lamedh

מ

m mem

נ

n nun

ק

q qoph

ס

s samekh

ג

g gimel

ע

ʿ ʿayin (pronounced in back of throat; “ghayin”); transliterated with backward apostrophe

ת

t taw / tav

צ

ṣade (“ts” sound as in “jets”)

ר

r resh

שׁ

“sh” sound; shin (“sheen”)

ד

d daleth