Basics of Computer Networking Unit I

Topics Networking basics Need for computer networks Types of networks-LAN, MAN, WAN Network Components – H/W, Software Communication channels Network Devices Network topologies.

Networking Introduction A network is a collection of independent computers which are connected together to share information and resources. In addition to computers, a network also consists of peripheral devices and data communication devices with transmission media used for the purpose of exchanging data and information. Need for computer networking To share computer Data/Programs To share computer Resources Bandwidth Bandwidth refers to the maximum volume of information that can be transferred over any communication medium.

Types of Networks A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Based on the geographical area covered by the network, networks can be classified as follows: Local Area Network (LAN): A data communication network that connects computers together in a room, building or a campus is called a ‘Local area network’. A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 to 50 kms. A wide area network (WAN): It is a system of interconnecting many computers over a large geographical area such as cities, states, countries or even the whole world.

Network components Hardware Software Communication Channels Network Devices

Communication channels Communication Channels refers to the physical media through which communication signals are transmitted. The two commonly used types of cables (Wired TM) to connect computers are coaxial cables and fiber optic cables.

Wireless TM- Microwave systems Communication Satellite

Network devices Different networking devices have different roles to play in a computer network. These network devices also work at different segments of a computer network performing different functions. Examples of Network devices are: Hub Switch Router Bridge Gateway Modem, etc.

Network topologies A network topology is the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and connecting lines. It defines the way different nodes are placed and interconnected with each other. Types of Network Topologies: Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Mesh Topology