Linked Data 101 Things, URIs, RDF, Triples, Turtle, Ontologies, Vocabularies and SPARQL Linked Data is our Implementation choice for FAIR

What is Linked Data? Tim Berners-Lee 2006 “Linked Data is a method of publishing structured data using standard Web technologies such as HTTP, RDF and URIs” Linked Data principles: Use URLs to name (identify) things Provide useful information about a thing when it's looked up Refer to other things (using their URL) when publishing data on the Web URL is unique: disambiguation

What is RDF? “The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a standard model for data interchange on the Web” Thing 1 has a relation to Thing 2

Triples In RDF all data is modeled as a triple Subject Predicate Object Triple

Triples In RDF all data is modeled as a triple Resource Resource Predicate (Property) Subject Object Triple (Statement)

RDF graphs Multiple triples form a graph Object Predicate Predicate Subject Predicate Object / Subject Triple 2 Triple 1

How do I publish my data as Linked Data? Use URLs to name (identify) things Provide useful information about a thing when it's looked up Refer to other things (using their URL) when publishing data on the Web

Use URLs to name (identify) things I like pizza

Use URLs to name (identify) things like pizza

Use URLs to name (identify) things http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442 I like pizza

http://www.swoogle.umbc.edu Use URLs to name things Is there already a URL for “pizza”? Let’s search for it! http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442 I like pizza interoperability!

http://www.swoogle.umbc.edu Use URLs to name things Is there already a URL for “pizza”? Let’s search for it! http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442 I like pizza http://protege.stanford.edu/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#Pizza interoperability!

Use URLs to name things What URL can we use for “like”? Swoogle doesn’t propose one.. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442 I like pizza http://protege.stanford.edu/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#Pizza interoperability!

Use URLs to name things Can’t find a URL? Create one yourself! http://www.mysite.com/myOntology#like http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442 I like pizza http://protege.stanford.edu/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#Pizza Others can use that definition

How do I publish my data as Linked Data? Use URLs to name (identify) things Provide useful information about a thing when it's looked up Refer to other things (using their URL) when publishing data on the Web URL unique: disambiguation..

2. Provide useful information about a thing when it's looked up What do these URLs resolve to? http://www.mysite.com/myOntology#like http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442 I like pizza http://protege.stanford.edu/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#Pizza

2. Provide useful information about a thing when it's looked up http://protege.stanford.edu/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#Pizza You get information about the “thing” the URL represents (in RDF!) food Ontology subClassOf pizza hasCountryOfOrigin Italy URLs for classes?

2. Provide useful information about a thing when it's looked up http://protege.stanford.edu/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#Pizza Ontologies typically contain detailed class hierarchy information as well as other relationships of interest to the “thing” Ontology food http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q38 subClassOf pizza hasCountryOfOrigin Italy

2. Provide useful information about a thing when it's looked up http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q38 Vocabularies typically focus on the representation of the “thing” in different natural languages “Italy” @ en “Italië” @ nl “義大利” @ zh “Итали” @ru prefLabel Italy “Italian Republic” @ en altLabel Opaque URLs Vocabulary

How do I publish my data as Linked Data? Use URLs to name (identify) things Provide useful information about a thing when it's looked up Refer to other things (using their URL) when publishing data on the Web

3. Refer to other things For example: who do I know? http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442 I like pizza knows Rajaram Open world assumption.. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-167X

How to represent RDF? n-triples like pizza <http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442> <http://www.mysite.com/myOntology#like> <http://protege.stanford.edu/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#Pizza>. n-triples

How to represent RDF? Turtle I like pizza @prefix orcid: <http://orcid.org/> . @prefix mo: <http://www.mysite.com/myOntology/> . @prefix po: <http://protege.stanford.edu/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#> . orcid:0000-0002-7633-1442 mo:like po:Pizza . Turtle

How to represent RDF? I like pizza Applications! RDF/XML

How can I query RDF? SPARQL / Triple Store like pizza Who does Rajaram know that likes pizza? select * where { ?person mo:like po:Pizza . ?person foaf:knows orcid:0000-0002-1215- 167X } knows Raja-ram Applications SPARQL / Triple Store

How can I query RDF? SPARQL / Triple Store like pizza Who does Rajaram know that likes pizza? select * where { ?person mo:like po:Pizza ; foaf:knows orcid:0000-0002- 1215-167X } knows Raja-ram Applications SPARQL / Triple Store