Waves & Sound The Nature of Sound Speed of Sound Human hearing

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Presentation transcript:

Waves & Sound The Nature of Sound Speed of Sound Human hearing Doppler effect Seeing with sound

A. Speed of Sound 344 m/s in air at 20°C Depends on: Type of medium travels better through liquids and solids can’t travel through a vacuum Temperature of medium travels faster at higher temps

converted to nerve impulses in cochlea B. Human Hearing sound wave vibrates ear drum amplified by bones converted to nerve impulses in cochlea

B. Human Hearing Pitch highness or lowness of a sound depends on frequency of sound wave human range: 20 - 20,000 Hz ultrasonic waves subsonic waves

B. Human Hearing Intensity volume of sound depends on energy (amplitude) of sound wave measured in decibels (dB)

B. Human Hearing DECIBEL SCALE 120 110 100 80 70 40 18 10

C. Doppler Effect Doppler Effect change in wave frequency caused by a moving wave source moving toward you - pitch sounds higher moving away from you - pitch sounds lower

C. Doppler Effect Stationary source Moving source Supersonic source waves combine to produce a shock wave called a sonic boom same frequency in all directions higher frequency lower frequency

“Sound Navigation Ranging” D. Seeing with Sound Ultrasonic waves - above 20,000 Hz Medical Imaging SONAR “Sound Navigation Ranging”

E. Music vs. Noise Music specific pitches and sound quality regular pattern Noise no definite pitch no set pattern

F. Resonance Forced Vibration when one vibrating object forces another object to vibrate at the same frequency results in a louder sound because a greater surface area is vibrating used in guitars, pianos, etc.

F. Resonance Resonance special case of forced vibration object is induced to vibrate at its natural frequency