Imaging findings and complications of transcatheter interventional treatments via the inferior phrenic arteries in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma 

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Imaging findings and complications of transcatheter interventional treatments via the inferior phrenic arteries in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma  Yoshiya Watanabe, Hiroyuki Tokue, Ayako Taketomi-Takahashi, Yoshito Tsushima  European Journal of Radiology Open  Volume 5, Pages 171-176 (January 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2018.08.010 Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 A 61-year-old man with HCC. (a) AG of the right IPA showed communication with an inferior branch of the right pulmonary artery (arrow). TACE was performed via this artery, using an emulsion of epirubicin, Lipiodol and 1-mm Gelpart. (b) Post-procedure CT showed Lipiodol deposition in the inferior branch of the right pulmonary artery (arrow). (c) Unenhanced CT seven days after TACE showed Lipiodol deposition in the collapsed right lower lobe (arrow). Lipiodol had spread into the adjacent lung fields. European Journal of Radiology Open 2018 5, 171-176DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2018.08.010) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 A 75-year-old man with HCC who developed hemoptysis four days after TACE. (a) AG of the right IPA showed collaterals between the right IPA and the inferior branch of the right pulmonary artery (arrow). TACE using an emulsion of epirubicin and Lipiodol, and 1-mm Gelpart via the right IPA including collaterals was performed. (b) Post-procedure CT revealed subtle Lipiodol accumulation along the inferior branch of the right pulmonary artery (arrow). (c) Unenhanced CT at seven days after TACE showed deposition of Lipiodol in the collapsed right lower lobe (arrow). The deposited Lipiodol had spread into the lung parenchyma. European Journal of Radiology Open 2018 5, 171-176DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2018.08.010) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 An 80-year-old man with HCC, showing Lipiodol deposition near the pericardium. (a) AG of the right IPA showed enhancement along the right margin of the heart (arrow). (b) Post-procedure CT showed Lipiodol deposition along the right margin of the heart (arrow). On the next day and 3 days after TACE, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation occurred (heart rate & 130), but improved after treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug. European Journal of Radiology Open 2018 5, 171-176DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2018.08.010) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 A 62-year-old man. (a) AG of the right IPA showed collaterals to the inferior branch of the right pulmonary vein (arrow). (b) CT-AG showed enhancement along the inferior branch of the right pulmonary vein (arrow). Post-procedure CT and follow-up CT seven days after TACE showed no deposition of Lipiodol in the lung. European Journal of Radiology Open 2018 5, 171-176DOI: (10.1016/j.ejro.2018.08.010) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions