Bruce Maggs relying on materials from http://www.torproject.org Tor Bruce Maggs relying on materials from http://www.torproject.org

How Tor Works (directory server)

How Tor Works

Encryption Keys in TOR Each relay has a long-term ``identity’’ public/private key pair used to sign TLS certificates (public keys signed by directory) Medium-term (one week) public/private ``onion’’ keys are used to decrypt requests to extend circuits – so first node can’t spoof the whole path. These keys are deleted so that if relay is compromised, old traffic can’t be decrypted. Short-term “connection” or “ephemeral” shared private keys are used to encrypt connections.

How Tor Works

Bridge Relays (a.k.a. Bridges) Some ISPs/governments block all traffic to relays that appear in the Tor directory. Bridges are relays that don’t appear in the directory. User has to solve the problem of finding a bridge.

Solve a Captcha to get Bridge Address

Growth of Tor Network

Growth of Tor Network

Spike in Number of Users

Possible Explanation for Spike Botnet “Mevade.A” a.k.a. “Sefnit” a.k.a. “SBC” is using Tor for connectivity http://blog.fox-it.com/2013/09/05/large-botnet-cause-of-recent-tor-network-overload/

Tor Exit Nodes See Plaintext! http://archive.wired.com/politics/security/news/2007/09/embassy_hacks?currentPage=all

Tor Browser

Tor Browser

Tor-Aware Web Servers Connect directly to Tor, do not advertise their network addresses.

Establishing a Hidden Service

Establishing a Hidden Service

Finding a Hidden Service

Contacting a Hidden Service

Contacting a Hidden Service

Communicating with a Hidden Service

Using Tor as a SOCKS5 Proxy Can tunnel any TCP connection through Tor (and DNS requests) First run the Tor browser, it will also act as a SOCKS5 proxy and accept connections Configure your application, e.g., chat, to use 127.0.0.1 as SOCKS5 proxy

Configure HexChat to use Proxy

Now Chatting through Tor

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