The role of SRC-C3G-RAP1 signaling in transformation induced by CRKL

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The role of SRC-C3G-RAP1 signaling in transformation induced by CRKL The role of SRC-C3G-RAP1 signaling in transformation induced by CRKL. A, immunoblot of CRKL in AALE cell lines overexpressing a control vector or CRKL compared with NSCLC cells with CRKL amplifications. The role of SRC-C3G-RAP1 signaling in transformation induced by CRKL. A, immunoblot of CRKL in AALE cell lines overexpressing a control vector or CRKL compared with NSCLC cells with CRKL amplifications. The relative intensity of bands is determined. B, anchorage-independent growth of AALE cell lines stably overexpressing a control vector, wild-type (WT), or mutant CRKL. Colony number indicates colonies .0.2 mm in diameter 4 weeks after plating. Data represent mean ± SD of 6 replicates from 2 independent experiments. Wild-type CRKL and CRKL mutants that induce anchorage-independent growth are marked in red. C, overexpression of CRKL in AALE cells increased the phosphorylation of SRC. Immunoblot of phospho-Y419 SRC proteins in AALE cells overexpressing a control vector, CRKL, or CRKLW160L mutant. D, immunoblot of phospho-T185/Y187 ERK1/2 and phospho-S473 AKT in AALE cell lines overexpressing wild-type (WT) or mutant CRKL. Wild-type CRKL and CRKL mutants that induced anchorage-independent growth in panel (B) are marked in red. E, effect of CRKL overexpression on the CRKL-C3G interaction and phosphorylation of C3G in AALE cells. CRKL immune complexes in AALE cells expressing indicated constructs were isolated and immunoblotting for phosphorylated C3G and total C3G protein was performed by the use of specific antibodies. F, overexpression of CRKL in AALE cells increased RAP1 activity. A pull-down assay for GTP-bound RAP1 proteins was performed followed by immunoblotting for RAP1 proteins. An immunoblot for RAP1 protein in total lysates before the pull-down assay was used as loading control. The relative intensity of bands is determined. G, effect of CRKL suppression on RAP1 activity in NSCLC cells that harbored amplification of CRKL. Pull-down assays were performed to assess the RAP1-GTP levels in NSCLC cells 4 days after infection with a control shRNA targeting GFP or a CRKL-specific shRNA (shCRKL#1) followed by immunoblotting for RAP1. An immunoblot of RAP1 proteins in total lysates shows the relative intensity of bands. Arrow indicates RAP1 protein. H, effect of expressing RAP1 on cell proliferation of H1755 cells after CRKL suppression. Each H1755 cell line expressing a control vector, wild-type RAP1A or RAP1B, or constitutively active RAP1A63E or RAP1BV12 mutants was infected with control shRNAs or a CRKL-specific shRNA (shCRKL#3). Cell proliferation was measured 6 days after infection with shRNA. Data represent mean ± SD of 6 replicate measurements. *, P < 0.0001 as compared with cells expressing a control vector and shCRKL#3. I, effect of suppression of SRC, C3G, or RAP1 on CRKL-induced anchorage-independent growth. Left, immunoblots of SRC, C3G, or RAP1 proteins in CRKL-overexpressing AALE cells expressing a control shRNA targeting GFP or each gene-specific shRNA. The shRNAs that suppressed the target protein the best are marked in red. The antibody for RAP1 detects both RAP1A and RAP1B. Right, anchorage-independent growth of AALE cells expressing indicated constructs. Colony number indicates colonies .0.2 mm in diameter 4 weeks after plating. Data represent mean ± SD of 6 replicate determinations from 2 independent experiments. *, P < 0.001 as compared to cells expressing CRKL and shGFP. J, effect of suppression of SRC, C3G, or RAP1 on phospho-ERK1/2 levels in CRKL-overexpressing AALE cells. Immunoblots of phospho-ERK1/2 in CRKL-overexpressing AALE cells expressing the indicated shRNAs. The shRNAs marked in red were validated in panel (I). K, effect of dasatinib treatment on anchorage-independent growth of CRKL-overexpressing AALE cells that expressed wild-type SRC, mutant SRC, or a control vector in the presence of dasatinib at the indicated concentrations. The colony number indicates colonies .0.2 mm in diameter 4 weeks after plating. Mean ± SD are shown. *, P < 0.001 compared with cells expressing a control vector. L, effect of dasatinib treatment on phospho-SRC and phospho-ERK1/2 in CRKL-overexpressing AALE cells. AALE cells expressing the indicated constructs were exposed to dasatinib at the indicated concentrations for 6 hours followed by immunoblotting. Hiu Wing Cheung et al. Cancer Discovery 2011;1:608-625 ©2011 by American Association for Cancer Research