Logical Fallacies English III

Logical Fallacies A fallacy is an error in reasoning. Even though these fallacies are flaws in an argument, they still happen everywhere (and can be extremely manipulative and effective!) Logical Fallacies

Ad Hominem Attacking the individual instead of the argument https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwdbhtLV08s Ad Hominem

Telling the audience that something bad will happen to them if they do not accept the argument Appeal to Force

Urging the audience to accept the argument based upon an appeal to emotions, sympathy, etc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfAxUpeVhCg Appeal to Pity

Appeal to the Popular (Bandwagon) Urging the audience to accept a position because a majority of people hold to it Appeal to the Popular (Bandwagon)

Trying to get someone to accept something because it has been done or believed for a long time Appeal to Tradition

Begging the Question (Circular Argument) Assuming the thing to be true that you are trying to prove Begging the Question (Circular Argument)

Assuming that the effect is related to a cause because the events occur together. Correlation does not equal causation! Cause and Effect

Assuming that what is true of the whole is true for the parts Fallacy of Division

Fallacy of Equivocation Using the same term in an argument in different places but the word has different meanings. Fallacy of Equivocation

Giving two choices when in actuality there could be more choices possible False Dilemma

Rejecting an argument or claim because the person proposing it likes someone whom is disliked by another Guilt by Association

Comments or information that do not logically follow from a premise or the conclusion If A is true, then B is true. A is false. Therefore B is false. Non Sequitur

Presenting negative information about a person before he/she speaks so as to discredit the person's argument Poisoning the Well

Red Herring Introducing a topic not related to the subject at hand https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_ttbfTGs48 Red Herring

Special Pleading (double standard) Applying a standard to another that is different from a standard applied to oneself Special Pleading (double standard)

Substituting a person’s actual position or argument with a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of the position Straw Man Argument