Do Now! #2 Draw the water cycle. Describe the following terms: Evaporation: Condensation: Precipitation:

Chapter 3 http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/sacsc.html Section 3, Part 1: The Hydrosphere

The Hydrosphere and the Water Cycle Hydrosphere: contains all water on or near Earth’s surface. Water in oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, polar ice caps, soil, rock layers beneath earth’s surface, and clouds.

Water cycle: continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and back to water sources. Evaporation: process by which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor.

Condensation: water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles. Precipitation: larger water droplets fall from clouds as rain.

Name the Oceans http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/oceansl.htm Put them in order from largest to smallest

Earth’s Oceans All oceans are joined to form “World Ocean.” Ocean plays many important roles in regulating our planet’s environment. Oceans—largest to smallest—Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, & Arctic.

Ocean Water More salts than freshwater Salts from rocks on land, underwater volcanic eruptions, erosion. Salt: NaCl—sodium chloride Average salinity: 3.5% by weight.

Temperature Zones Surface of ocean warmed by sun. Depths of ocean very cold. Surface waters stirred up by winds—warm water can reach as low as 450 m. Thermocline: layer where temperature falls rapidly with depth.

A Global Temperature Regulator World ocean absorbs and stores energy from sunlight. (regulates earth’s temperature) Ocean absorbs over ½ of solar radiation that reaches earth. Without oceans, temperatures would be too extreme to live on earth.

Ocean Currents Surface Currents: streamlike movements of water that occur at or near ocean’s surface. Driven by wind Can be warm or cold Warm and cold rarely mix

Surface currents can influence climates of land areas they flow past. Deep Currents: form when cold, dense water from poles sinks below warm water.

Fresh Water Approx. 2% of all water on earth is FRESH WATER. Most is locked in icecaps and glaciers. Also found in lakes, rivers, wetlands, soil, rock layers below surface and atmosphere.

River Systems Network of streams that drains an area of land. Contains all of the land drained by a river, including the main river and all tributaries.

Ground Water Rain and melting snow that sink into ground and run off land. Fulfills the human need for fresh drinking water. Supplies water for many agricultural and industrial uses. Less than 1% of water on earth.

Aquifers Rock layer that stores and allows flow of ground water. Recharge zone: surface of land where water enters an aquifer.