Distances Diameter of Earth Diameter of Sun Diameter of Earth’s orbit

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Presentation transcript:

Distances Diameter of Earth Diameter of Sun Diameter of Earth’s orbit Diameter of Solar System Distance from sun to nearest star Diameter of Milky Way Distance from Milky Way to the nearest galaxy

Identify the different bodies: A star The Universe A galaxy

Red shift https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Djz_rtnXSfY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-OUP_mXMCw

Hubble Hubble was a famous scientist who examined the light from nearby galaxies. He noticed two things: That most of the galaxies’ light was shifted towards the red end of the spectrum; The further away a galaxy was, the more its light was red-shifted. From these observations he concluded: That most galaxies were moving away from our own; The further away a galaxy was, the faster it was moving away from us; And therefore he concluded that the universe is expanding.

Continental Drift Africa S. America The edges of land masses (continents) which are separated by thousands of kilometres of ocean: Have shapes which fit quite closely. Have similar patterns of rocks and fossils. This suggests that they were once part of a single land mass which has split and been moved apart.

Continental drift Alfred Wegener died in 1931 His idea of continental drift not accepted until the 1960s because: He wasn’t a geologist Other theories were acceptable Couldn’t feel continents moving No explanation for movement San Adreas Fault in California

Waves ► Tectonics ► Boundary Types Tectonic Plates may move away from each other. This causes fractures which are filled by magma producing new, basaltic, oceanic crust. This is known as sea floor spreading and is happening along oceanic ridges, including the mid-Atlantic ridge.

Waves ► Tectonics ► Magnetic Stripes The iron-rich minerals in the magma record the direction of the Earth's magnetic field at the time when the rising magma solidified. Magnetic reversal patterns in oceanic crust occur in stripes parallel to oceanic ridges, matching the period reversals of the Earth's magnetic field and so supporting the concept of sea floor spreading.