C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Cinzia PERRINO C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Montelibretti (Rome) PM assessment report – part B Contribution of Italy

A research project funded by the Lazio Region “Fine Dust” 2004 - 2005 A research project funded by the Lazio Region FONTECHIARI regional background station LATINA urban station ROMA MONTEZEMOLO traffic station MONTELIBRETTI semi-rural station ROMA VILLA ADA urban background station VITERBO C. Perrino C.N.R. Istituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico – Montelibretti (Roma)

Chemical analysis of macrocomponents Only a few components constitutes more than 1% of PM: A few metals: Al, Si, Fe The main anions: Cl-, NO3-, SO4=, CO3- The main cations: Na, NH4+, K+, Mg++, Ca++ Elemental carbon Organic material (20-60% of PM but hundreds of species) C. Perrino C.N.R. Istituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico – Montelibretti (Roma)

PM10 PM2.5 Teflon filter Quartz filter Crustal metals ED-XRF Termo-optical analyser Organic carbon Elemental carbon Extraction Trace metals ICP Ion chromatography Anions and cations C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution – Rome (ITALY)

MASS CONCENTRATION OF PM10 IN MONTELIBRETTI (ROME) MEASURED BY THE DUST MONITOR (blue) AND RECONSTRUCTED BY THE CHEMICAL ANALYSES (red) C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution – Rome (ITALY)

C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution – Rome (ITALY)

Average % composition of PM10 in the Central Italy C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution – Rome (ITALY)

Average % composition of PM2.5 in the Lazio region C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution – Rome (ITALY)

PM10 PM2.5 PM10-2.5 Secondary pollutants are homogeneously distributed at least on a regional scale. PM10-2.5 C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution – Rome (ITALY)

C. Perrino C.N.R. Istituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico – Montelibretti (Roma)

C. Perrino C.N.R. Istituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico – Montelibretti (Roma)

PM composition during polluted days PM10 concentration lower than 35 mg/m3 PM10 concentration higher than 65 mg/m3 PM composition during polluted days is very close to PM composition during clean days with the exception of days characterised by important natural events C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution – Rome (ITALY)

African dust event February 2004: MONTHLY AVERAGE OF PM10 (2004) African dust event February 2004: On February 22nd, 900 ug/m3 hourly average PM10 C. Perrino C.N.R. Istituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico – Montelibretti (Roma)

AFRICAN DUST OUTBREAK - JUNE 2006 MONTELIBRETTI – PM10 C. Perrino C.N.R. Istituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico – Montelibretti (Roma)

The concentration of secondary anthropogenic pollutants The concentration of primary anthropogenic pollutants depends on the proximity to the emission sources The concentration of secondary anthropogenic pollutants is homogeneous on a regional scale The concentration variations of both mainly depend on the dispersion capacity of the lower atmosphere Northern Italy is affected by more frequent stagnant condition Southern Italy is more often affected by Saharan dust intrusions C. Perrino C.N.R. Istituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico – Montelibretti (Roma)