ATOMS AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE Atom Nucleus Proton Neutron Electron

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(greek for indivisible)

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Presentation transcript:

ATOMS AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE Atom Nucleus Proton Neutron Electron

WHAT IS AN ATOM? The smallest unit of an element. Consists of a central nucleus surrounded by one or more electrons.

WHAT IS THE NUCLEUS? The central part of an atom. Composed of protons and neutrons. Contains most of an atom's mass.

WHAT IS A PROTON? Positively charged particle. Found within an atomic nucleus.

WHAT IS A NEUTRON? Uncharged particle. Found within an atomic nucleus.

WHAT IS AN ELECTRON? Negatively charged particle. Located in shells that surround an atom's nucleus.

THE BOHR MODEL OF THE ATOM Niels Bohr 1913 studied under Rutherford at the Victoria University in Manchester. Bohr refined Rutherford's idea by adding that the electrons were in orbits. Rather like planets orbiting the sun. With each orbit only able to contain a set number of electrons.

Bohr’s Atom electrons in orbits nucleus

HELIUM ATOM + - + - Shell proton neutron electron What do these particles consist of?

ATOMIC STRUCTURE Particle Charge Mass proton + ve charge 1 neutron No charge 1 electron -ve charge nil

number of electrons = number of protons ATOMIC STRUCTURE He 4 Atomic mass the number of protons in an atom 2 Atomic number the number of protons and neutrons in an atom number of electrons = number of protons

ATOMIC STRUCTURE Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels or Shells around the nucleus of an atom. first shell a maximum of 2 electrons second shell a maximum of 8 electrons third shell a maximum of 18 electrons (8 electrons for our purposes)

1. Electronic Configuration ATOMIC STRUCTURE There are two ways to represent the atomic structure of an element or compound; 1. Electronic Configuration 2. Dot & Cross Diagrams

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION With electronic configuration elements are represented numerically by the number of electrons in their shells and number of shells. For example; Nitrogen configuration = 2 , 5 14 2 in 1st shell 5 in 2nd shell N 2 + 5 = 7 7 14

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION Write the electronic configuration for the following elements; 40 23 16 Na O Ca a) b) c) 11 8 20 2,8,8,2 2,8,1 2,6 Cl 35 28 Si B 11 d) e) f) 17 14 5 2,8,7 2,8,4 2,3

N DOT & CROSS DIAGRAMS Nitrogen With Dot & Cross diagrams elements and compounds are represented by Dots or Crosses to show electrons, and circles to show the shells. For example; X Nitrogen N X X N X X 7 14 X X

DOT & CROSS DIAGRAMS O Cl Draw the dot & cross diagrams for the following elements: X 8 17 X O Cl a) b) X 35 X 16 X X X X X Cl X X X X X X X O X X X X X X X X X X

SUMMARY The Atomic Number of an atom = number of protons in the nucleus. The Atomic Mass of an atom = number of Protons + Neutrons in the nucleus. The number of Protons = Number of Electrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells. Each shell can only carry a set number of electrons.