Limiting Reagent If you are given one dozen loaves of bread, a gallon of mustard and three pieces of salami, how many salami sandwiches can you make? The.

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Presentation transcript:

Limiting Reagent If you are given one dozen loaves of bread, a gallon of mustard and three pieces of salami, how many salami sandwiches can you make? The limiting reagent is the reactant you run out of first. The excess reagent is the one you have left over. The limiting reagent determines how much product you can make

How do you find out? Do two stoichiometry problems. The one that makes the least product is the limiting reagent. For example Copper reacts with sulfur to form copper ( I ) sulfide. If 10.6 g of copper reacts with 3.83 g S how much product will be formed?

If 10. 6 g of copper reacts with 3. 83 g S If 10.6 g of copper reacts with 3.83 g S. How many grams of product will be formed? 2Cu + S ® Cu2S Cu is Limiting Reagent 1 mol Cu 1 mol Cu2S 159.16 g Cu2S 10.6 g Cu 63.55g Cu 2 mol Cu 1 mol Cu2S = 13.3 g Cu2S = 13.3 g Cu2S 1 mol S 1 mol Cu2S 159.16 g Cu2S 3.83 g S 32.06g S 1 mol S 1 mol Cu2S = 19.0 g Cu2S

How much excess reagent? Use the limiting reagent to find out how much excess reagent you used Subtract that from the amount of excess you started with

Mg(s) +2 HCl(g) ® MgCl2(s) +H2(g) If 4.87 mol of magnesium and 9.84 mol of HCl gas are reacted, how many moles of gas will be produced? What is the limiting reagent?

Mg(s) +2 HCl(g) ® MgCl2(s) +H2(g) If 4.87 mol of magnesium and 9.84 mol of HCl gas are reacted, how many moles of gas will be produced? How much excess reagent remains?

If 10. 3 g of aluminum are reacted with 51 If 10.3 g of aluminum are reacted with 51.7 g of CuSO4 how much copper will be produced? How much excess reagent will remain?

Yield The amount of product made in a chemical reaction. There are three types Actual yield- what you get in the lab when the chemicals are mixed Theoretical yield- what the balanced equation tells you you should make. Percent yield = Actual x 100 % Theoretical

Example 6.78 g of copper is produced when 3.92 g of Al are reacted with excess copper (II) sulfate. 2Al + 3 CuSO4 ® Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu What is the actual yield? What is the theoretical yield? What is the percent yield? If you had started with 9.73 g of Al, how much copper would you expect?

Details Percent yield tells us how “efficient” a reaction is. Percent yield can not be bigger than 100 %.

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