National Income Accounts

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Presentation transcript:

National Income Accounts

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a single year—currently $18 T GNP (Gross National Product) is the total market value of all goods and services produced by Americans in a year.

What is included in GDP? Consumer spending (C)--accounts for 70% of GDP. Durable goods Non-durable goods services

Business investment (I) Capital goods Increases in business inventories (unsold items) All construction, including houses

Government purchases of goods and services (G) Net exports, which is exports minus imports (X-M, or Xn)

What is excluded from GDP? Purely financial transactions Transfer payments, like social security or unemployment insurance payments Securities transactions—stocks and bonds Used goods Do-it-yourself work Underground economy

Real vs. Nominal GDP Real GDP has been adjusted for inflation (prices rising) or deflation (prices decreasing) Nominal GDP is expressed in current year prices. Real GDP per capita is used to define a nation’s standard of living