Chapter 10 Shoulder Joint
Joint Motions Flexion, extension, and hyperextension Abduction and adduction Medial and lateral rotation Horizontal abduction and adduction Circumduction Scaption Scaption = 30 degrees from frontal plane End feels = all soft tissue stretch (firm)
Bones and Landmarks Scapula Glenoid fossa Glenoid labrum Subscapular fossa Infraspinous fossa Supraspinous fossa Axillary border Acromion process
Bones and Landmarks Humerus Head Surgical neck Anatomical neck Shaft Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Deltoid tuberosity Bicipital groove Bicipital ridges
Ligaments and Other Structures Joint capsule Coracohumeral ligament Glenoid labrum Rotator cuff Thoracolumbar fascia Joint Capsule – superior, middle & inferior GH ligaments reinforce anterior capsule
Muscles of the Shoulder Joint Deltoid Anterior deltoid Middle deltoid Posterior deltoid Pectoralis major Clavicular portion Sternal portion Pectoralis Major – clavicular & sternal portions are antagonistic in flexion & extension but agonists in adduction, IR, & horizontal adduction Clavicular portion – flexion early range (0-30); prime mover first 60 degrees of flexion Sternal portion – extension prime mover; first 60 degrees of shoulder extension (from 180 to 120)
Muscles of the Shoulder Joint Latissimus dorsi Teres major Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Latissimus – reversal of muscle action – pelvic elevation when arms are stabilized (ex: crutch walking) Teres Major – ext, add, IR but not as effective as latissimus
Shoulder Joint Anatomical relationships between shoulder girdle and shoulder joint Summary of muscle action Summary of muscle innervation Muscle Action – Table 10.1 page 142 Muscle Innervation – Tables 10-2 & 10-3 page 143
Common Shoulder Pathologies Acromioclavicular separation Clavicular fracture Shoulder dislocation Impingement syndrome Adhesive capsulitis Rotator cuff tear AC separation – 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree sprain Shoulder dislocation – primarily anterior Adhesive capsulitis – frozen shoulder