exponential functions

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Presentation transcript:

exponential functions Chapter 3.1 p. 216 exponential functions

Let’s examine exponential functions Let’s examine exponential functions. They are different than any of the other types of functions we’ve studied because the independent variable is in the exponent. Let’s look at the graph of this function by plotting some points. x 2x 2 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 5 7 3 4 6 8 3 8 2 4 BASE 1 2 0 1 Recall what a negative exponent means: -1 1/2 -2 1/4 -3 1/8

Compare the graphs 2x, 3x , and 4x Characteristics about the Graph of an Exponential Function where a > 1 1. Domain is all real numbers 2. Range is positive real numbers 3. There are no x intercepts because there is no x value that you can put in the function to make it = 0 Can you see the horizontal asymptote for these functions? What is the x intercept of these exponential functions? What is the range of an exponential function? What is the domain of an exponential function? What is the y intercept of these exponential functions? Are these exponential functions increasing or decreasing? 4. The y-intercept is always (0,1) because a 0 = 1 5. The graph is always increasing 6. The x-axis (where y = 0) is a horizontal asymptote for x  - 

What would the graph of look like? up 3 right 2 down 1 Reflected over x axis up 1

Reflected about y-axis This equation could be rewritten in a different form: So if the base of our exponential function is between 0 and 1 (which will be a fraction), the graph will be decreasing. It will have the same domain, range, intercepts, and asymptote.

The Base “e” (also called the natural base) Sometimes called “Euler’s number” e is irrational like π. Found often in nature but most commonly used in computers and compounding interest. e≈2.71828 Find:

Negative x: reflect over y-axis Negative y: reflect over x-axis

If au = av, then u = v You could solve this for x now.

Let’s try one more: Check:

Acknowledgement I wish to thank MathXTC in addition to Shawna Haider from Salt Lake Community College, Utah USA for her hard work in creating this PowerPoint. www.slcc.edu Shawna has kindly given permission for this resource to be downloaded from www.mathxtc.com and for it to be modified to suit the Western Australian Mathematics Curriculum. Stephen Corcoran Head of Mathematics St Stephen’s School – Carramar www.ststephens.wa.edu.au