Chemical Bonds and Electrons

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Presentation transcript:

Chemical Bonds and Electrons Chapter 13 Chemical Bonds and Electrons

Learning Goals Infer the relationship between the number of valence electrons and the behavior of atoms. Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonding. Draw Lewis diagrams to represent the valence electrons of atoms.

Chemical formulas A molecule’s chemical formula tells you the ratio of atoms of each element in the compound.

Types of Chemical Bonds A chemical bond forms when atoms transfer or share electrons. Covalent bond: the bond formed when atoms share electrons Ionic bond: the bond formed when atoms transfer electrons to another atom

Why do chemical bonds form? Energy is released when chemical bonds form. Atoms form bonds to reach a lower energy state. Reactive: an element readily forms chemical bonds

Valence Electrons Valence electrons: electrons in the outermost (highest) energy level Chemical bonds are formed only between the electrons in the highest unfilled energy level.

Valence Electrons Practice Complete the chart below by determining the number of valence electrons each element has. Element Name Symbol Number of Electrons Number of Valence Electrons Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon N 7 5 O 8 6 F 9 7 Ne 10 8

Lewis Dot Diagrams A Lewis dot diagram shows the element symbol surrounded by one to eight dots representing the valence electrons. Example: Draw the Lewis dot diagram by: Determining the number of valence electrons Writing the symbol and adding dots