P.33 1. What is consultation? Why is it important for policy-making? Consultation refers to the collection of by the government during the policy-making process. Consultation is important because it can public policies. In addition, through consultation, citizens may better understand the under which the government functions and be more willing to and __________ the policy decision. opinions improve constraints accept compromise

2. According to the above information, do you think there are problems with government consultations? Why? Free response. Suggested answers: Yes. The government may be . It may affect the consultation results by certain options (e.g. excluding the option of retaining by-elections in the first case) or disclosing information (e.g. playing down the potential environmental impact in the second case). ／ biased excluding partial

Free response. Suggested answers: 2. According to the above information, do you think there are problems with government consultations? Why? Free response. Suggested answers: No. In the second case, for example, the government did not seem to be biased at all. First, the government provided adequate channels for the public to (e.g. exhibitions and public forums). Second, the opinions collected were handed over for . express their opinions independent analysis

3. In your view, what constitutes a good consultation? Free response. Suggested answers: A good consultation should be free from any . In addition, citizens should be given adequate __________ and to express their views. Most important of all, the government should listen to the public and . biases channels time act accordingly

P.36 1. What is the objective of the Environmental Levy Scheme on Plastic Shopping Bags? The scheme aims to encourage citizens to protect the environment by using fewer and bringing their own . plastic shopping bags shopping bags

2. According to the information above, how effective was the scheme? This depends on the criteria adopted for the evaluation. In terms of reducing the use of plastic bags, the scheme was remarkably as retailers have distributed far more／fewer plastic bags than before. However, in terms of environmental protection, it is doubtful whether the scheme has been effective because many people have switched to using which take longer／shorter to decompose. effective reusable bags

3. Why should the effectiveness of government policies be evaluated? First, it takes to formulate a public policy. When it is implemented, the social conditions may have changed. Second, when a policy takes effect, it may create unanticipated and even . Therefore, the government should evaluate the effectiveness of a policy to ensure that the policy is carried out smoothly and meets the needs of society. An evaluation can also provide a useful for policy-making in future. time side effects new problems periodically reference

P.48 1. What is vote-rigging? Explain your answer with reference to the above information? Vote-rigging is a form of . In the case above, people allegedly registered as voters in a particular constituency using or unclear addresses so as to affect . In one case, 13 people with seven surnames were registered at the same address in Mei Foo. electoral fraud false voting results

2. What is the impact of vote-rigging on Hong Kong’s electoral system? Vote-rigging undermines the of an election. If elections are manipulated, public opinion cannot be reflected. In the long run, people will lose in the electoral system. In addition, the winners’ will be called into question. fairness confidence representativeness

3. What do you think a clean election is 3. What do you think a clean election is? Do you think elections in Hong Kong are clean? Free response. Students should first point out the conditions for a clean election (e.g. the election is not manipulated by the government, voters are not intimidated, secret ballots are used), and then illustrate whether Hong Kong meets these conditions.

P.52 Study the following information about the Chief Executive election and then answer the questions. How does the comic strip in Fig. 5.1 describe the Chief Executive election? It describes the election as a ______________ election. As shown in the picture, a few ／all people were able to approach the ballot box by helicopter. The general public was able／unable to take part in the election. ‘small-circle’ Fig. 5.1

Study the following information about the Chief Executive election and then answer the questions. Do you agree with the above description? Why? Free response. Suggested answers: Agree. Take the fourth Chief Executive election as an example. It was a ‘small-circle’ election because the only people who could vote were the 1,200 members of the Election Committee. Fig. 5.1

3. Do you agree with the businessman's speech? Why? Free response. Suggested answers: Agree. Members of the Election Committee come from ________ ________. They represent the to a certain extent. Therefore, the Chief Executive they elected should have public support. ／ Disagree. Leung Chun-ying was elected by a 1,200-member _______ __________, but not by . Therefore, the number of votes he received had nothing to do with his public support. different sectors general public Election Committee universal suffrage

4. The fourth Chief Executive was elected by a 1,200-member Election Committee. Do you think there is any problem with this election method? Why? Free response. Suggested answers: Yes. First, since the Chief Executive is not elected by the , he may only be interested in serving the interests of (i.e. Election Committee members). Also, if the Chief Executive does not perform well, Hong Kong people can／cannot vote him out of office. ／ general public his voters

4. The fourth Chief Executive was elected by a 1,200-member Election Committee. Do you think there is any problem with this election method? Why? Free response. Suggested answers: No. Even if the Chief Executive is elected by universal suffrage, there is no that social problems can be solved. An election method is acceptable as long as a __________________ is elected. guarantee competent leader

P.55 1. Do you agree with the following statements? Why? (a) The fourth term functional constituency elections violate the principle of ‘one person, one vote’. Agree／Disagree： ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Only a small number of people have the right to vote in the functional constituency elections.

1. Do you agree with the following statements? Why? Agree╱Disagree： ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (b) The number of voters varies significantly in different functional constituencies. For example, the education functional constituency has over 88,000 registered voters. On the other hand, the Heung Yee Kuk, agriculture and fisheries, insurance, transport, and finance functional constituencies have less than 200 registered voters. In these constituencies, far fewer votes are needed to win a seat. In other words, each vote carries more weight in these constituencies. The weight of each vote is different in various functional constituencies.

1. Do you agree with the following statements? Why? (c) Agree╱Disagree： ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Some functional constituencies only accept votes by bodies, not by individuals. Restrictions are also placed on the eligibility of voters. Hence, not all practitioners working in a particular sector or industry can vote in the relevant functional constituency. An elected member of the constituency may not represent them. A functional constituency legislator represents all practitioners who are working in that particular sector or industry.

1. Do you agree with the following statements? Why? Agree／Disagree： ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Since geographical constituency elections are highly competitive, legislators seeking another term in office have a great motivation to perform well, so as to win voters’ support. But functional constituency elections are less competitive due to the limited number of voters and candidates. In fact, according to Table 5.2, the six legislators who had the poorest performance ratings in 2009 – 2010 faced no opposing candidate in the 2008 functional constituency elections. Directly elected legislators have more incentive to perform well than functional constituency legislators.

2. Do you think functional constituencies should exist? Why? Free response. Students who think functional constituencies should exist may argue that they ensure and that they bring and to the Legislative Council. Students who think functional constituencies should not exist may argue that people with professional knowledge and expertise can always contribute to society by getting into the Legislative Council through , and that functional constituency legislators may not consider the interests of the . balanced representation professional knowledge expertise direct elections general public