Modern Atomic Theory Chapter 4 Section 3.

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Presentation transcript:

Modern Atomic Theory Chapter 4 Section 3

Bohr’s Model of the Atom Diagrams looking like a solar system with planets revolving around the sun. Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist who worked for a while with Rutherford. Bohr agreed with Rutherford’s model of a nucleus surrounded by a large volume of space. Bohr’s model focused on the electrons while Rutherford’s model did not.

Energy Levels In Bohr’s model the electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed orbits. Each electron has a specific amount of energy. If an atom loses or gains electrons, the energy of an electron can change. The possible energies that electrons in an atom can have are called energy levels.

Energy levels are like stairs, you can go up or down in whole number increments. The landing at the bottom of the stairs is the lowest level of energy in an atom. Each step of them represents a higher energy level. A different staircase for each element since no two elements have the same set of energy levels. An electron in an atom can move from one energy level to another when the atom gains or loses energy.

An electron may move up two energy levels if it gains the right amount of energy. An electron in a higher energy level may move down two energy levels if it loses the right amount of energy. The size of the jump between energy levels determines the amount of energy gained or lost.

Evidence for Energy Levels Scientists can measure the energy gained when electrons absorb energy and move to a higher energy level. Scientist can measure the energy released when the electron returns to a lower energy level. The movement of electrons between energy levels explains the light you see when fireworks explode. Light is a form of energy.

Electron Cloud Model An electron cloud is a visual model of the most likely locations for electrons in an atom. Scientists use the electron cloud model to describe the possible locations of electrons around the nucleus.

Atomic Orbitals An orbital is a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found. An electron cloud is a good approximation of how electrons behave in their orbitals. Level in which an electron has the least energy-lowest level-has only one orbital. Higher energy levels have more than one orbital.

Electron Configurations An electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom. The most stable electron configuration is the one in which the electrons are in orbitals with the lowest possible energies. When all the electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the atom is said to be in its ground state.