Industrial America From Farm to Factory

The “Big Switch” Nation goes from the farm to the city The worker Agrarian to Industry Not good for the farmer The worker Becomes part of the cog rather than an individual

Black Gold Edwin L. Drake Used steam engine to drill for oil Made process easier Oil Boom

Bessemer Process Henry Bessemer 1856: Invents a process to turn Iron into Steel Wanna know how? Ask a scientist! Invention will revolutionize America

Steel Iron was the metal Rust and breaks easily Remove carbon from Iron = Steel Stronger, rust resistant Uses Railroad is the biggest- rails, engines, cars Barbed wire for farms Structures- bridges, buildings

Revolutionaries Inventions that make life easier Thomas Alva Edison Electricity- 1876 Christopher Sholes Typewriter- 1867 Alexander Graham Bell Telephone- 1876 Coast to Coast in 1915

Railroad Transcontinental New Towns and Businesses Farmers Land grants meant for farmers go to railroads Different rates for different customers Granger Laws Fixed rates Munn v. Illinois Supreme Court upholds laws

Robber Barons Andrew Carnegie J.P. Morgan John D. Rockefeller Steel J.P. Morgan Banking John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Cornelius Vanderbilt Steam Ships George M. Pullman Rail Cars Started the first American Company town

Game Rules! Roll the dice to move around the game board. Each colored box coordinates with a colored card, which should be picked up and read aloud when landed on by a member. (ex: land on a red square, pick up the top card in the red pile) Each member of the group must fill out a “Know Your Robber Baron Handout.” Whenever someone lands on a colored square, the info should be copied down by all group members. Game works by each member gaining or losing tokens depending on the outcome on a card, or the game board. The person at the end with the most tokens is the winner. Game Duration = Until the handout is completely filled out! This game is designed to teach you about the Robber Barons, the industries they controlled, as well as their faults and triumphs.

Game Rules Each member starts out with 3 tokens. Assign one member of the group to be the banker. Place the yellow, blue, green, and red cards in the center of the board. Keep them facedown and with their own color. Place the ? Cards off to the side. Board Guide Yellow=Background Blue=Industry Green=Bid of Philanthropy Red=Biggest Blunder ?=black cards

Unions NLU-National Labor Union- 1866 Knights of Labor- 1868 Won 8 hr. work day Knights of Labor- 1868 Opened to all- race or gender 8 hour work day and equal pay for equal work AFL- American Federation of Labor- 1886 Craftsman Union Collective bargaining- group negotiations Used strikes as major tactic

Unions Con’t Industrial Unions- ARU & IWW- Led by Eugene V. Debs Leading American Socialist Wanted to do away with Capitalism Gov’t owned and operated business 1892- won strike for higher wages

Labor Unrest Great Strike of 1877- B&O Railroad Began July 1877- Stopped rail traffic across country Ended Aug. 2 1877- Federal troops called in threatened interstate commerce Haymarket Affair- McCormick Harvester Plant- May 4, 1886 Rioters gather in Haymarket Square after striker is killed by police Police arrive- a bomb is thrown- police open fire Public turns against labor movement Homestead Strike- Carnegie Steel Plant- July 6, 1892 Strikers clash with Pinkerton Detectives and Scabs

Unrest Con’t Ludlow Massacre Colorado Fuel and Oil Co. Owned by Rockefeller Strike because of pay and conditions Evicted from company town Set up camp outside Ludlow April 20, 1914 Militia & company guards surround tent city and open fire 11 women an children killed

Breaking the Union Failure Government Public Opinion failed strike would crush a Union Government Industries used Sherman Anti-Trust against Unions strike would interfere with interstate commerce Public Opinion Strike led to hire prices for goods Anarchist conditions