Vimy Ridge 1917 Birth of a Nation.

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Presentation transcript:

Vimy Ridge 1917 Birth of a Nation

What was Vimy Ridge? ·  A 7-mile long strongly fortified German position in France. The Germans occupied the high ground  repel almost any attack.   · Strategically, the ridge controlled a large portion of the western front  gave Germans excellent defensive command over this region.

Vimy Ridge 1917:

Vimy Ridge Today

Map showing advance of the Canadian Corps

Canadian Preparations: French and British troops had tried several times to take the ridge at the cost of over 200,000 casualties. Many believed it was impossible to take. Canadian Preparations:  ·  Canadian soldiers had earned a reputation as being tough and reliable troops  

Canadian Preparations:

Major General Arthur Currie Major-General Arthur Currie was placed in charge of this operation Insisted on using only Canadian soldiers  this would be the first mission that was planned and implemented entirely by Canadians. Currie was a master planner  Old tactics had to change and nothing was left to chance. ·  Gathered information o       Trench Raids o       Air Photographs o       Spies

New Tactics: Information! Enemy positions were carefully studied & information was shared with the troops Scale model of entire ridge was constructed showing every enemy position Every member of the Canadian corps was walked through their objective – every soldier knew exactly what their mission was. Miles of light railway lines were built to move ammunition to the front quickly Telephone cables were buried 8 feet underground for effective communication Miles of tunnels were dug to move troops forward safely

Soldiers review a scale model of the Ridge – knowledge was the new weapon!

Tunnels (subways) at Vimy

The Attack! Intense Preparatory bombardment would last 2 weeks  destroy barbwire and artillery positions Canadian and British guns pounded the German positions with over 1,000,000 shells! ·  5:30 on Easter Monday 938 Canadian artillery pieces exploded into action. ·  A “creeping barrage” was set up  curtain of fire would advance 100 yards every 3 minutes ·  40,000 troops followed close behind

·        When barrage ended the Canadians were on top of the German positions leaving them no chance to defend  element of surprise worked! ·        Within hours the Canadians had captured the ridge!  They took more ground and capture more prisoners than any British offensive to that point!

Significance of Battle: ·        First time the entire Canadian corps had fought together as a Division ·        First significant allied victory of the war  boosted morale in France and Britain. ·        Canadian troops felt like “Canadians” for the first time  marked the beginning of a Canadian identity.

· “I never felt Canadian until Vimy ·        “I never felt Canadian until Vimy. After that, I was Canadian all the way!” –H.F. Wood ·        Canadian Division was never broken up after this victory  used as shock troops for difficult battles. ·        Huge celebration in Canada  even today this victory is celebrated.

Large Crater

Victory!

Fallen Canadian Soldiers at Vimy

German Cemetary: Neuville-Saint-Vaast